This study empirically examined the interrelationships among inter-organizational relationship factors (asset specificity, long-term orientation, and interdependence), information exchange media (traditional information exchange media and inter-organizational information networks), inter-organizational information exchange, and inter-organizational relationship control mechanisms (output, behavior, and social control mechanisms), and analyzed their effects on inter-organizational performance and, further, on firm performance. In the analysis of effects on inter-organizational information exchange, asset specificity and long-term orientation were found to have significant positive effects, and among information exchange media, inter-organizational information networks emerged as the primary influencing variable on inter-organizational information exchange. In the analysis of effects on relationship control mechanisms, asset specificity and long-term orientation had significant positive effects on the use of formal control mechanisms (output and behavior control), while interdependence had a positive effect on the degree of use of both formal and informal (social control) mechanisms. The indirect effects of inter-organizational relationship factors on relationship control mechanisms through information exchange were also demonstrated. These results prove that the establishment of appropriate relationship control mechanisms according to the state of inter-organizational relationship factors is substantially accomplished through information exchange. Finally, information exchange and relationship control mechanisms were found to have significant positive effects on inter-organizational performance and firm performance.