Ethical Guideline

The purpose of these Regulations on Research Ethics (hereinafter Ethics Regulations) is to ensure the ethical research and integrity of the members of KASBA (hereinafter members) and present standards for preventing research misconduct and fairly verifying misconduct.

These Ethics Regulations apply to all persons related to the Korean Management Review. These regulations correspond to the members of KASBA, the Editorial Board of the Korean Management Review, and also non-members that are potential contributors.

Chapter 1. Integrity of the Research and Social Responsibility

Article 1 (Integrity of the Research)

1. The authors must conduct all research activities (research proposal, research execution, report and presentation of research results, research evaluation and assessment, etc.) honestly and truthfully.
2. The authors must objectively and accurately describe the contents of research and their importance, and must not arbitrarily delete or add research results.
3. The authors must ensure that all research activities are conducted without bias or prejudice.

Article 2 (Obligation to Record, Preserve, Report, and Disclose Research Information)

1. All research information must be reported accurately, and must be recorded, processed, and preserved clearly and accurately so that it can be interpreted and verified.
2. The authors must use appropriate research methods and statistical analysis methods, and disclose them if necessary.

Chapter 2. Fairness of Researcher Relationships

Article 3 (Joint Research)

If an author has conducted joint research with other researchers, the author must clarify the researchers' roles and relationships, and bear such responsibilities. Mutual agreement and understanding must be achieved over the objectives and expected results of the research topic, the respective roles in the collaboration, data collection/storage/sharing methods, decision of who will be the authors and their naming order, selection of research managers, intellectual property and ownership rights, etc.

Article 4 (Responsibility and Obligation of the Authors)

1. An author is only responsible as an author for research that he/she has personally conducted or contributed to, and is also recognized for his/her contributions.
2. The corresponding or responsible author is overall responsible for the article data and naming of the other authors, and is also responsible for supervising the research of joint researchers.
3. The authors must comply if there is a request for evidence of contribution from the authors.

Article 5 (Corresponding Author)

1. The corresponding author must be someone that can take overall responsibility of the research results and their evidence.
2. The corresponding author must take responsibility for proving the naming order of the authors and the naming of the joint authors.

Article 6 (Author Decision Standards)

1. The naming order of the authors must accurately reflect the academic contributions to the research content or results, regardless of their relative positions. A person's position alone does not justify including them as an author or recognizing them as the 1st author.
2. A person that has not academically contributed to the research contents or results must not be included as an author as an expression of gratitude or courtesy. However, other contributions, such as data collection or input, translation into other languages, etc., may be indicated in a note as an expression of gratitude.

Article 7 (Deciding the Author Naming Order)

The author naming order must be decided fairly, reflecting the research contributions, in consultation with all the authors.

Article 8 (Displaying the Affiliation of the Authors)

In principle, an author's affiliation at the time of the research should be displayed. However, in areas where the practice is different, follow that different practice.

Chapter 3. Research Misconduct and Other Unethical Research Conducts

Article 9 (Citation Method and Principle)

1. Authors can directly or through translation cite some of the text of another's writing by introducing, referring to, or commenting on their work.
2. Authors must ensure that the source labels and bibliography are accurately written. Authors must make sure all the elements of the citations (author's name, journal volume and issue, page, published year, etc.) come from their original sources, without relying on secondary sources, but a secondary source may be cited and labeled as such if such a circumstance is unavoidable.
3. Authors must cite works in a reasonable manner, based on the principle of good faith, so that they can be clearly distinguished from other works.
4. Authors must cite published work, in principle, and if obtaining undisclosed academic materials through article evaluation, research proposal evaluation, or private communication, the author must obtain consent from the relevant researcher.
5. If adapting an idea or theory already introduced and published in another work, authors must specify its original source.
6. If borrowing intensively from one source, authors must make sure readers can clearly identify which ideas are from the referenced source and which ideas are the authors' own.
7. If a disclosed document has had a significant influence on the direction of the research, or if it is significant in helping the reader understand the contents of the research, unless theoretically or empirically known by the author, it must be included in the bibliography.
8. Even if authors have used abstracts for reviewing previous research, authors must avoid citing such works as academic articles in the bibliography.
9. While using the published version of an article, authors must avoid using the initial or preliminary version of the article published in article presentation collections at conferences.

Article 10 (Citing General Knowledge)

1. When using another's idea or information about facts provided by them, the source must be revealed, but generally known or recognized materials are exempt.
2. When in doubt about whether or not a concept or fact is general knowledge, it is best to cite it.

Article 11 (Definition of Research Misconduct)

"Research misconduct" refers to forgery, tampering, plagiarism, unfair naming of authors, duplicate publishing, etc., during the entire research process (research proposal, research execution, reporting and presentation of research results, evaluation and assessment of research, etc.).

1. "Forgery" refers to the act of making up nonexistent data or research results.
2. "Tampering" refers to the act of distorting the results and contents of research by artificially manipulating the research procedure or arbitrarily modifying or deleting research data. (Here, "deleting" refers to the act of intentionally excluding data that interferes with the creation of expected research results and only selecting favorable data.)
3. "Plagiarism" refers to the act of using the copyright protected work, research ideas, hypotheses, theories, and results without justified approval or citation, and passing it off as the author's own or results of their own research.
4. "Unfair naming of authors" refers to not naming a person that has contributed academically to the contents or results of a research without a just reason, or granting authorship to a person that has not contributed academically whatsoever.
5. "Duplicate publishing" refers to re-submitting and reprinting an article with entirely or almost identical text at another academic journal without informing the editor or reader of the existence of the already published article.

Article 12 (Plagiarism of Ideas)

1. "Plagiarism of ideas" refers to the act of stealing ideas (explanations, theories, conclusions, hypotheses, metaphors, etc.) by modifying all or part of the original creator's achievement.
2. Authors usually have an ethical responsibility to reveal the source of ideas through footnotes or citations.
3. Authors must not steal others' ideas discovered through peer review of others' research proposals.

Article 13 (Plagiarism of Text)

"Plagiarism of text" refers to the act of copying a part of one's own or other's written text without revealing the source.

Article 14 (Mosaic Plagiarism)

"Mosaic plagiarism" refers to the act of combining, adding or inserting words, or replacing words with synonyms in a part of one's own or other's written text without revealing the source.

Article 15 (Duplicate Publishing)

Authors must not attempt to contribute or publish their already published work (including those pending publication or under evaluation) as new research, whether at home or abroad.

1. If the main contents are the same as the author's previously published article, the article is considered a duplicate even if the later published article uses slightly different viewpoints or perspectives, or uses slightly different analysis of the already published data.
2. To publish an already published article, the author must provide the relevant publishing information to the chief editor of the Korean Management Review and confirm whether or not it may be duplicate publishing.

Article 16 (Avoiding Research Misconduct and Copyright Infringement)

1. The copyright of the cases and articles published in the Korean Management Review usually belong to the authors, but when using the cases and articles for educational or other public purposes, the publisher of the Korean Management Review, KASBA, has the right to use them.
2. Duplicate publishing must be avoided because it may be subject to copyright infringement.
3. If extensively citing a copyright protected source, it should be noted that it may still be subject to copyright infringement even if quotation marks were properly used and the content was properly applied.

Chapter 4. Improper Writing

Article 17 (Improper Writing)

The following correspond to improper writing:

1. Citing improperly
2. Distortion of the bibliography
3. Relying on the abstract, etc., while citing the published article
4. Citing works without reading or understanding them
5. While extensively borrowing from one source, only partially revealing the source
6. Recycling the text

Article 18 (Distorting the Bibliography)

1. The bibliography must only include literature directly related to the contents of the article. The bibliography should not intentionally include literature with questionable relevance for the purpose of distorting the list of citations for the academic journal or article, or to increase an article's chance of publication.
2. Authors must not exclusively include literature that is favorable to their own data or theory, and have an ethical responsibility to also cite literature that may contradict their own viewpoint.

Article 19 (Recycling the Text)

1. "Recycling the text" refers to reusing a part of texts that the author has already used in previous writing.
2. Recycling the text is contrary to the spirit of ethical writing, so authors must avoid recycling already published text, but if recycling is unavoidable, authors must follow standard citation procedures, such as using quotation marks and proper application, and avoid copyright infringement.

Chapter 5. Fairness of the Evaluation Process

Article 20 (Responsibility and Obligation of the Evaluator)

1. Evaluators must faithfully evaluate the article commissioned by the Editorial Board of the Korean Management Review and return the results to the Editorial Board or a member of the Editorial Board within 21 days as established by the evaluation regulations. If an evaluator judges that the evaluator him/herself is not the right person to evaluate an article, he/she must notify the Editorial Board without delay.
2. As intellectuals, evaluators must respect the character and independence of the authors. The evaluators can reveal their personal judgements on the assessment, but they must include detailed explanations of their opinions in sections that they think require supplementation.
3. Evaluators must keep the confidentiality of the articles they evaluate. Unless specifically seeking advice for the assessment of an article, it is not advisable to show the article or discuss the contents of the article with others.

Article 21 (Unethical Behavior by Evaluators)

Evaluators must not use specific information learned from the research proposal or through the article evaluation process for direct or indirect research without the consent of the original author. The following actions must be avoided because they may correspond to unethical research behavior:

1. Soliciting a student or third party to evaluate a commissioned article
2. Discussing the contents of the article under evaluation with the academic department or academic society colleagues
3. After the evaluation, retaining, not destroying, the copy of the article
4. During the evaluation process of the submitted article, making defamatory statements or carrying out personal attacks
5. Evaluating/assessing without reading the article

Article 22 (Personal Conflict)

Evaluators must avoid personal bias when evaluating articles. If there is a conflict of interest, including personal conflict, evaluators must notify the Editorial Board immediately.

Article 23 (Professional Conflict)

Evaluators must leave their personal academic convictions behind and make fair assessments based on objective standards. Evaluators must not fail articles for conflicting with their personal viewpoints or interpretations.