The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of TQM (Total Quality Management)-oriented school management in Korean educational institutions on educational performance factors (educational service satisfaction, academic achievement improvement, and school loyalty). For this purpose, an empirical analysis was conducted targeting secondary educational institutions (middle and high schools), which face the greatest difficulties within the Korean education system. First, the study analyzed whether TQM-oriented secondary educational institutions achieve higher educational performance than those that are not TQM-oriented. Second, the study analyzed the differences in TQM-oriented management as well as the resulting educational performance factors (educational service satisfaction, academic achievement improvement, and school loyalty) among school groups in Seoul and new satellite cities in the capital region versus general cities in the capital region, between general high schools and vocational high schools, and between public schools and private schools—all of which have attracted considerable social attention. The analysis results showed that public schools were more TQM-oriented than private schools, and that TQM-oriented schools achieved higher performance in educational service satisfaction than schools that were not TQM-oriented.