This study sought to examine how the core proposition of contingency theory—the pursuit of efficiency in stable environments and the pursuit of innovation and adaptive behavior in dynamic environments—manifests in project-based organizations. To this end, using the Korean film production industry as the research context, we examined whether project-based organizations adapt to environmental changes through changes in resource utilization patterns, based on the concept of dynamic capability from the resource-based view. Specifically, hypotheses were derived and tested proposing that the degree to which film production companies repeatedly utilize directors and actors—their most important resources—would vary depending on the degree of environmental uncertainty and dynamism. The empirical analysis confirmed that project-based organizations (film production companies) exhibited a higher degree of repeated utilization of the same resources (directors, actors) in stable environments compared to when they faced environments with high uncertainty and dynamism. The reason this study selected a project-based industry, specifically the film production industry, as the subject of empirical analysis is that for organizations that operate on a project-by-project basis, the aspect of resource combination and utilization is emphasized more than the aspect of resource possession and development, making it suitable for applying the concept of dynamic capability, which has recently gained increasing importance.