This study is a literature review of management history as reflected in Chinese historical documents from ancient times through the feudal era. This literature review is not intended to test hypotheses or advocate theories regarding ancient advice on what modern managers should do and how they should do it. Rather, it is a study that sought to identify and analyze historical documents concerning what ancient management practitioners actually thought and how they actually behaved. Management thought was shaped and developed through the historical process of dynastic succession by various thinkers, philosophers, military strategists, reformers, and monarchs. Such management thought is particularly evident in the areas of leadership, strategy, and organizational management. Through this study, we were able to derive several theoretical implications regarding Chinese management thought. First, the management thought of ancient and feudal China possessed a theoretical framework from which we can draw inferences. Second, the management thought of ancient and feudal China addressed a remarkably broad and diverse range of management, administration, and control issues. Third, what was particularly emphasized in the management thought of ancient and feudal China was leadership. Fourth, management thought in ancient and feudal China evolved from an early emphasis on autonomous harmony and the balance between management (經) and operation (營) toward an increasingly control-oriented management philosophy.