The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that influence Korean firms' selection of joint ventures as a channel for international technology transfer, and to determine the direction in which these factors affect the choice of joint ventures, thereby deriving useful results for future strategy formulation. To this end, technology transfer channels were classified into three types—licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries—and the necessary conditions (factors that lead firms to choose joint ventures over licensing) and sufficient conditions (factors that lead firms to choose joint ventures over wholly owned subsidiaries) for joint ventures to be selected as the optimal channel were extracted, followed by hypothesis testing on the directional relationships of these factors. The empirical analysis results indicate that the stronger the motivation to avoid imperfect intermediate goods markets, the greater the preference for joint ventures over licensing, and the stronger the motivation to obtain synergy effects through equity sharing with local firms, the greater the preference for joint ventures over wholly owned subsidiaries. More specifically, the major factors that lead Korean firms to transfer technology through international joint ventures are the shortage of domestic raw materials, lack of information about local markets, and insufficient managerial and financial resources for overseas expansion. These results suggest that Korean firms remain at a rudimentary stage in international technology transfer through joint ventures.