Chapter I: The purpose of this study is to analyze the port material handling labor problems centering around the Incheon area in Korea. The study covers the period from the time when Korea b=gan to adopt an open-door policy, revealing her closed society to the world in 1880, to the year of 1965. It deals with the port transport industry, the port material handling labor problems, and other environmental factors like government influences connected with them, and the present situation of labor relations on various aspects. Chapter II: The port transport industry is characterized by capital shortage and technological backwardness along with its special `fluetuation`. The fluctuation results from the impossibility of measurement of labor amount, and thus making it very difficult to make a labor planning or to estimate the optimum scale of port material handling facilities. Furthermore, the capital shortage produces dumping, and the technical backwardness makes the port material handling labor depend solely on manual labor. Even in the financial structure, it is characterized by a great dependence on the liability. The port material handling labor has the characteristics of irregular employment, heavy manual labor, simple-cooperation, etc. Especially the employment irregularties shorten the total work days of the port laborers to a month less than 15 days. This is the main cause of their low-income and instability of their lives. These port material handling laborers are appropriated by the men extracted (drawn) in accordance with the exploitation (usurpation) policy due to the Japanese invasion. Chapter III: The port material handling labors are employed by a Labour Union under the control of the specia1 organization called `Sipjang-je`. The `Sipjang-je` has a long history with the background of the port `fluctuation`. Chapter IV: `Sipjang` is an intermediator (labor-broker) who stands between the laborers and the manager and does some work for the managers such as employment, placement, inspection, payment, etc. The Sipjang`s exploitation takes place when he, for his service as an intermediator, deducts a certain amount of money from the wages which should naturally be paid to the port laborers. The functions of a Sipjang, therefore, are those of managers, labor-brokers, and the staff members of Labor Union. Chapter V: The wages of the port material handling laborers observe the unit-wage system authorized by the government. These unit-wage systems, even though the amounts of the wages are little different according to whether they are handling the government or private materials, have some irregularities(contradictions). Thus, the standards of wages (wage-level) can not cover the living expenses, and it causes more serious problems when the low wages are being exploited by `Sipjang` in the course of payment for various excuses. One form of the exploitation practiced is the deduction of the wages as a Sipjangmok (=a share for Sipjang). For example, the wage of a port laborer at Inchoen amounts to 10,400 won, while the share of a Sipjang totals to 494,000 won during the same period. The other form is so-called `Kuhaljebi` (=meaning that only 90 percent of the income should be given to the laborer), which allows `Sipjang` to deduct 10 percent of the wages from each port laborer and to embezzle them all as his income. But, in reality, 26.0 percent of the wages are pre-deducted, and the income of `Sipjang` is high as `Sipjangmok`. Chapter VI: In the ports of Korea, there still exists the `Sipjang-je` a kind of feudalistic labor structure, which has a great influence on the port material handling. The main reason for its existence is the backwardness of the port transport industry and its `fluctuation`. Furthermore, the irrationality (injustics) is the greate stsince `Sipjang` holds the additional office of the staff in Labor Union. This phenomenon is common practice throughout, the country starting with Incheon. But th