Since the Olympics in 1988, the number of foreigners has increased to 2 million now and Korea is entering a multicultural society. However, most foreign workers in Korea are suffering from poor working conditions, low wages, delayed payment of wages, and cultural adaptation. The variables, duly sorted by different human needs under ERG theory, were assumed to predict the work and cultural adjustment as well as job satisfaction, and included Korean language skills(Existence needs), work conditions(Existence needs), power distance(Relatedness needs), social-cultural distance (Relatedness needs), and achievement needs(Growth needs). The sample of our respondents was 181 Chinese workers(106 Han-Chinese and 75 Korean-Chinese). The empirical results are as follows. Korean language skills positively affected acculturation level and cultural integration, while social-cultural distance negatively influenced cultural integration and work adjustment. Power distance had a positive(+) impact on work adjustment. Work conditions and achievement needs both significantly influenced all the outcome variables including acculturation level, cultural integration, work adjustment and job satisfaction. Acculturation level was found to mediate the relationship between Korean language skills and work adjustment/job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/job satisfaction. Cultural integration was found to mediate the relationship between working conditions and work adjustment/job satisfaction, social-cultural distance and work adjustment/job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/job satisfaction. In addition, the two ethnic groups were significantly different in the following paths: working conditions → job satisfaction, power distance → acculturation level, cultural integration → work adjustment, cultural integration → job satisfaction, Korean language skills → work adjustment, and power distance → job satisfaction. This study made a meaningful contribution to the theories of acculturation and work adjustment by analyzing the factors affecting them. The unidimensional and bidimensional measurements of acculturation used in this study also enabled us to compare these two concepts empirically.