Since branch organizations of securities firms play a significant role within their companies, strengthening organizational capabilities is essential; however, research on the use of Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) targeting securities firms in the field of management accounting has been insufficient. This study analyzed the effects of PMS feedback/feedforward use—a recently emerging research stream on PMS utilization approaches—on organizational capabilities (agility, market orientation) and organizational performance (financial performance, non-financial performance) that reflect the characteristics and roles of securities firms' branch organizations. For the empirical analysis, based on the information on securities firms from the Financial Statistics Information System of the Financial Supervisory Service, 132 survey questionnaires were collected from 999 branches of 17 securities firms that had 10 or more domestic branches among 43 securities firms classified as domestic corporations as of the end of December 2016. The analytical results are as follows. First, PMS feedback use was found to have a significant negative effect on financial performance. While it did not have a significant effect on non-financial performance, additional analysis revealed that it positively affected non-financial performance through the mediation of agility and market orientation. Although this result is difficult to interpret, considering the general arguments of prior studies related to PMS use, it may be understood from the perspective that utilizing various systems in a complementary manner rather than concentrating on a single system can enhance effectiveness. PMS feedforward use was found to have a significant positive effect on both financial and non-financial performance. Second, PMS feedback use was found to have a significant positive effect on agility and a significant positive effect on market orientation. PMS feedforward use was found to have a significant positive effect on both agility and market orientation. Third, agility and market orientation were found to have a significant positive effect on both financial and non-financial organizational performance. Therefore, agility and market orientation can be considered core organizational capabilities of securities firms' branch organizations, and both capabilities should be continuously developed along with PMS utilization in order to secure competitive advantages and improve organizational performance.