As the strategic significance of CSR activities for firms has become increasingly emphasized and the practice of CSR has come to be accepted as commonplace, the impact of CSR activities on firm performance has continuously attracted scholarly attention. However, the effects of CSR activities on firm performance have yielded divergent results depending on which field the research was conducted in and which variables were employed. Furthermore, when the effects of CSR activities are examined from only a single dimension—such as the consumer, financial, or organizational perspective—this may prove insufficient for leveraging CSR activities in a strategic and integrated manner. Accordingly, this study conducted an interdisciplinary investigation spanning the domains of accounting and marketing by introducing consumer-level variables—namely, motive and commitment—as moderating variables in exploring the impact of CSR activities on corporate financial performance. From the accounting perspective, this study is significant in that it examines approaches for strategically implementing CSR by supplementing the viewpoint of consumers, who are key stakeholders, when investigating the influence of CSR activities on financial performance. From the marketing perspective, its significance lies in empirically demonstrating how variables derived from the consumer perspective actually affect financial performance. Moreover, this study focused not on the decision of whether to engage in CSR activities, but rather on how to execute CSR activities effectively. The findings revealed that in firms actively engaging in CSR activities, higher levels of CSR activity were associated with higher financial performance. However, when firms actively engaged in CSR activities while simultaneously exhibiting a high degree of earnings management by executives—that is, when behaviors casting doubt on the authenticity of CSR motives appeared concurrently—the positive effect of CSR activities on financial performance was diminished. Additionally, even at the same level of CSR activity, firms that implemented such activities continuously without interruption—that is, firms with high commitment to CSR activities—exhibited a greater positive impact on financial performance than those that did not. Through the findings of this study, it is expected that firms can gain insights for enhancing the efficiency of resources invested in CSR activities and for planning CSR activities by considering factors across multiple dimensions.