Research Article
An Integrated Approach to the Effect of Critics on the Box Office
Published: January 2010 · Vol. 39 No. 4 · pp. 1023-1048
Full Text
Abstract
Focusing on the role of critics in influencing consumers' purchase decisions under conditions of high uncertainty, this study sought to empirically demonstrate the influence of various types of critics on market responses, using a total of 744 films released in the United States from 2006 to 2008. Recognizing the limitation of prior studies that focused solely on the role of professional critics, this study expanded the scope of critics who influence consumers' product choices by newly examining amateur critics and the number of opening screens as additional entities performing the role of critics. Furthermore, this study sought to empirically demonstrate the moderating effects of movie production budgets and star power on the relationships between these three types of critics and box office performance. The results showed that all three types of critics—number of opening screens, professional critics, and the number of amateur critic reviews—had significant effects on box office performance, with the number of opening screens being the most influential factor. The moderating effects of production budgets and star power, which were predicted to weaken these relationships, were partially supported. This study makes a significant contribution by proposing amateur critics and the number of opening screens—which had not received attention in prior research—as new entities performing the role of critics alongside professional critics, and by empirically demonstrating their influence on market demand. Additionally, this study is significant in that it integrated signaling theory from the economics field with various theories from the organizational and marketing fields to present a more comprehensive perspective on consumers' product choice.
