The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the factors that influence the success of knowledge management. This study identified three core components of knowledge management—the knowledge management system, knowledge workers, and the knowledge management environment—and empirically analyzed the success factors of knowledge management centering on these components. First, basic statistical analysis of 150 collected questionnaires revealed two important findings. One is that top management shows considerable interest in knowledge management, and knowledge workers evaluate knowledge management outcomes positively. The other important finding is that knowledge workers' satisfaction with knowledge management evaluation and rewards was low. Second, factor analysis of variables that could influence knowledge management success yielded nine factors. From the knowledge management system characteristics, four factors were extracted: knowledge characteristics, core function characteristics, user function characteristics, and user convenience characteristics. From the knowledge worker dimension, two factors were extracted: knowledge workers' knowledge management execution capability characteristics and task characteristics. From the knowledge management environment, three factors were extracted: leadership and organizational culture characteristics, implementation strategy characteristics, and evaluation and reward characteristics. Third, all nine success factors extracted from the factor analysis were found to influence knowledge management success. These findings imply that these success factors must be managed as priorities for successful knowledge management implementation. Moreover, the theoretical model of knowledge management should be developed around these success factors. Finally, analysis of the relative importance of the success factors revealed that the most important component is the knowledge management environment, followed by knowledge workers and the knowledge management system. Among the nine characteristic factors, the evaluation and reward factor was the most important, followed by knowledge workers' knowledge management execution capability and the knowledge characteristics of the knowledge management system. These results indicate that establishing the knowledge management environment should be a prerequisite for effectively promoting knowledge management. In particular, building a system that can accurately evaluate and reward knowledge management performance is crucial for inducing knowledge worker participation. Next in importance is enhancing the knowledge management execution capabilities of knowledge workers who directly participate in knowledge management—that is, fostering awareness of the importance of knowledge management, the ability to convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, the ability to search for and share knowledge, the ability to create knowledge, and the ability to utilize knowledge. Lastly, the findings suggest that when building a knowledge management system, it is important to secure high-quality knowledge and provide it to knowledge workers to enhance their job performance capabilities.