The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the types of manufacturing strategy among Korean manufacturing firms and to examine how manufacturing strategy, environment, and the technology in use are related to performance indicators. Korean manufacturing firms could be classified into several strategic groups based on competitive means variables, and when measuring the related strategic performance, there were differences in the importance of indicators. Furthermore, the degree of environmental uncertainty perceived in relation to business activities led to differences in the importance placed on indicators during performance measurement, while the degree of specificity of the product technology and process technology primarily utilized showed no differences in the importance placed on performance measurement indicators, except in certain specific cases. The implication of this study for manufacturing firms is that a rational performance measurement system must be a prerequisite for enhancing competitiveness, and that such a system can adequately respond to changing manufacturing environments.