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Research Article

Speaker-Independent Recognition of Negative Nonverbal Behaviors for AI-Based Oral Presentation Assessment

Joonseok Kim1 · Yeohoon Yoon1 · Saerom Lee1

1 Kyungpook National University

Published: October 2026 · Vol. 55 No. 5 · pp. 1901-1937

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2026.55.5.1901

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Abstract

Presentation is a core competency required in organizational reporting, proposals, and interviews, yet presenters find it difficult to recognize their own nonverbal behavior and to receive consistent feedback. This study develops and evaluates a model that recognizes negative nonverbal behaviors during presentations and classifies them into twelve categories, to support AI-based oral presentation feedback. Unlike existing systems that remain at holistic scores or the detection of a few behaviors, the model classifies a presenter's skeletal motion into individual behavioral units, providing a basis for specific feedback. The analysis uses nonverbal keypoint data from 800 presenters in AI-Hub's Public Speaking Practice and Evaluation Data and applies a speaker-independent evaluation in which no presenter's data appear in both training and evaluation. Deep-learning models achieved stable performance of around 90% macro-F1 on presenters unseen during training, and in this task the composition of the evaluation split affected the reported performance more than the choice of model did. A lightweight model remained within one percentage point of the best-performing model in accuracy, with classification latency low enough that this stage would not be the bottleneck for real-time feedback. These results provide a technical foundation for AI-based oral presentation feedback to serve as a fine-grained behavioral feedback tool in management education and organizational communication competency development.
Keywords: nonverbal behavior recognitionskeleton-based action recognitionspeaker-independent evaluationlightweight model