About This Journal

korean management review - Vol. 50 , No. 1

[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 173-195
Abbreviation: kmr
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 28 Feb 2021
Received 20 May 2020 Revised 19 Aug 2020 Accepted 15 Sep 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2021.50.1.173

The Effect of Government R&D Support Programs on R&D Investment and Innovation Performance in Korean Medium Sized Enterprises
Yong-ki Min ; Jae-Hwi Jeong ; Chol Lee ; Do-eui Kim
(First Author) Sogang University (mncstyle@naver.com)
(Corresponding Author) Department of International Trade at Daegu University (jjh@daegu.ac.kr)
(Co-Author) Sogang University (chollee@sogang.ac.kr)
(Co-Author) Sogang University (dodogks91@kakao.com)

정부의 기술개발 지원사업이 중견기업 R&D 투자 유인 및 혁신성과에 미치는 효과

Copyright 2011 THE KOREAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study investigated the effect of government R&D support programs on R&D investment and innovation performance of Korean medium sized enterprises. This study conducted empirical analysis on 284 mid-sized enterprises (including preliminary mid-sized enterprises) with experience in utilizing government R&D support programs in the past three years to achieve this research objective. The analysis results have following findings. First. it was found that government R&D support programs had a positive effect on R&D investment of medium sized enterprises. In the case of mid-sized enterprises, the motivation to apply and use government R&D support programs are to invest in R&D in challenging and high-risk areas rather than securing R&D funds. Second, the government R&D support programs were found to have a positive effect on technology innovation performance of medium sized enterprises. Third, the government R&D support programs were found to have a positive effect on the operating innovation performance of medium sized enterprises. In other words, the government R&D support programs have the effect of securing cost competitiveness through improving existing technologies or improving processes in addition to developing new technologies


Keywords: government R&D support programs, R&D investment, technology innovation performance, operating innovation performance, Medium sized enterprises

References
1. Aerts. K., and Schmidt. T.(2008), “Two for the price of one? Additionality effects of R&D subsidies: A comparison between Flanders and Germany,” Research Policy, 37(5), pp. 806-822.
2. Ahpek.(2017), “2016 Survey of High Potential Enterprise,” Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. http://www.motie.go.kr.
3. Ahpek.(2018), “2018 Survey of High Potential Enterprise,” Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. http://www.motie.go.kr.
4. Almus, M., and Czarnitzki, D.(2003), “The effects of Public R&D Subsidies on Firm’s Innovation Activities: The case of Estern Germany,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 21(2), pp.226-236.
5. Arrow, K. J.(1962), Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, Princeton Univ. Press, pp.609-626.
6. Becker, B.(2014), “Public R&D policies and private R&D investment: A survey of the empirical evidence,” Journal of Economic Surveys, 29 (5), pp.917-942.
7. Busom, I.(1998), “An Empirical Evaluation of the Effects of R&D Subsidies,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 9(2), pp. 111-148.
8. Clark, K. B. and Fujimoto, T.(1991), Product Development Performance, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
9. Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., and Walsh, J. P. (2002), “Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D,” Management Science, 48(1), pp.1-23.
10. C. S. Park, S. J. Son, S. H. Oh, M. J. Kang, Y. J. Yeo, & K. A. Kim.(2018), “Research on Policy Support for Technological Innovation and Growth of Mid-Sized Enterprises,” STEPI, Available at https://www.stepi.re.kr.
11. Czarnitzki, D., and Hussinger, K.(2004), “The Link between R&D Subsidies, R&D Spending and Technological Performance,” ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, No 4-56, pp.1-26.
12. Damanpour, F., and Evan, W. M. (1984). “Organizational innovation and performance: The problem of “organizational lag,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(3), pp.392-409.
13. David, P. A., Hall, B. H., and Toole, A. A.(2000), “Is Public R&D a Complement or Substitute for Private R&D? A Review of the Econometric Evidence,” Research Policy, 29(4-5), pp.497- 529.
14. D. H. Ko, H. S. Moon, & S. M. Lee.(2015), “A Study on the Effect of Government R&D Supports on Firm"s Innovation Activities,” Korean Journal of Business Administration, 28(5), pp.1325-1344.
15. E. Y. Choi.(2015), “The Effect of Government Support, Internal R&D and R&D Cooperation on Technological Innovation,” Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 28 (4), pp.1473-1492.
16. Garcia-Quevedo, J.(2004), “Do Public Subsidies Complement Business R&D? A Meta Analysis of the Econometric Evidence,” Kyklos, 57 (1), pp.87-102.
17. George, G.(2005), “Slack Resources and the Performance of Privately Held Firms,” Academy of Management Journal, 48(4), pp.661-676.
18. Gonzalez, X., and Pazo, C.(2008), “Do Public Subsidies Stimulate Private R&D Spending?,” Research Policy, 37(3), pp.371-389.
19. Guellec, D. and Pottelsberghe, B. P.(2003), “The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 12(3), pp.225-243.
20. Hair, J.F.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C.(1998), “Multivariate Data Analysis,” 5th edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
21. Hall, B. and Reenen, J.(2000), “How effective are fiscal incentives for R&D? A review of the evidence,” Research Policy, 29(4-5), pp.449- 469.
22. Hamberg, D.(1966), R and D: Essays in the Economics of Research and Development, Random House, New York.
23. H. S. Choi, & Y. M. Kim.(2016), “Too Much Support from the Government? : Government R&D Subsidies and their Impacts on R&D Investments and Firm Innovation,” Korean Management Review, 45(6), pp.1833-1857.
24. H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, & J. M. Park.(2015), “Technological Performance Analyses of SMEs Based on Type of Government R&D Support,” Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 18(1), pp.73-97.
25. H. S. Song.(2012), “The Government Subsidy Effect on the Private R&D Investment of Corporations,” Korean Journal of Public Finance, 5(3), pp.181-202.
26. Jaruzelski, B., Dehoff, K., and Bordia, R.(2005), “Money Isn’t Everything: The Booz Allen Hamilton Global Innovation 1000,” strategy+ business, Winter 2005.
27. J. B. Kim,(1993). Science and Technology Policy, dymbook, Gyeonggi.
28. J. G. Song, & H. J. Kim.(2009), “The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policies for R&D Investment,” Journal of Technology Innovation, 17(1), pp.1-48.
29. J. H. Jung, J. S. Kim, K. S. Choi, & B. H. Lee. (2016), “Effectiveness of Government R&D on Firm’s R&D Spending,” Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 16(10), pp. 150-162.
30. Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology. (2018), “Establishment of support policies to strengthen technology planning and technology development capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises,” Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology.
31. Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology. (2015), “Impact of Korea-US and Korea-EU FTA on Technology Export,” Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology.
32. KOrean Statistical Information service.(2019), “Results of confirmation of administrative statistics for commercial corporations as of 2017,” Statistics Korea, Statistical Data Hub Bureau, department of Administrative Statistics.
33. K. Y. Chang.(2010), “R&D Investment and Project Performance: Research on Industrial R&D Programs of Government, Research on Technology Innovation,” The Journal of Technology Innovation, 18, pp.75-98.
34. Lerner, J.(2000), “The Goverment as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of SBIR Program,” The Journal of Private Equity, 3(2), pp.55-78.
35. Link, L. N., and Scott, J. T.(2013), “Public R&D subsidies, outside private support, and employment growth,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 22(6), pp.537-550.
36. Marino, M., Lhuillery, S., Parrotta, P., and Sala, D.(2016), “Additionality or crowding-out? An overall evaluation of public R&D subidy on private R&D expenditure,” Research Policy, 45(9), pp.1715-1730.
37. Medda, G., and Piga, C. A.(2014), “Technological Spillovers and Productivity in Italian Manufacturing Firms,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, 41, pp.419-434.
38. M. C. Kim & N. I. Sung.(2012), “Government R&D Subsidies and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises,” Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 34(1), pp.39-60.
39. Mid-sized enterprise policy innovation workshop (2018.2.5.), “Innovative Mid-Sized Enterprise Vision 2280 – Mid sized Enterprise Policy Innovation Plan -,” Joint Ministry.
40. Ministry of Science & ICT.(2019), 2018 National R&D Program Survey and Analysis Report, 2019, STEPI, Available at https://www.stepi.re.kr.
41. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy press release(2018.2.5.), “Create 5,500 mid-sized companies and 130,000 new jobs by 2022”
42. Rao, N.(2016), “Do tax credits stimulate R&D spending? The effect of the R&D tax credit in its first decade,” Journal of Public Economics, 140, pp.1-12.
43. S. B. Cho, C. Lee, & J. H. Jeong.(2017), “The Effect and Process of R&D Investment on Technology Export in Korean Manufacturing Industries,” Korean Management Review, 46(2), pp. 481-501.
44. Schumpeter, J. A.(1982), The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (1912/1934), 55, Transaction Publishers.
45. S. H. Baek, & D. B. Chung.(2015), “A Support Method for Diffusion of R&D Performance from Public Research Institutes,” The Journal of Industrial Innovation, 31(4), pp.23-47.
46. S. K. An, H. S. Yoo, J. I. Kim, Y. J. Kim, C. D. Park, & S. W. Shin.(2015), “A study on the impact of government R&D programs for performance of medium-sized firms,” KISTEP.
47. S. K. Kim, K. W. Lee, H. R. An, & E. J. Bang. (2016), 2015 National R&D performance scoreboard, 2016, KISTEP, Available at https://www.kistep.re.kr.
48. S. W. Oh, & S. W. Kim.(2017), “An analysis of the status and performance of R&D support for projects for SMEs,” STEPI Insight, (211), pp. 1-27.
49. S. Y. Jung.(2011), Strategic Technology and Management, (3rd Ed), Pybook, Seoul.
50. S. Y. Jung, J. B. Im, & S. Y. Chung.(2017), “Analysis of the Effects of Government R&D Subsidies Depending on SME Technology Level and R&D Investment Capability,” The Journal of Industrial Innovation, 33(1), pp.65-85.
51. Teece, D. J.(1986), “Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy,” Research Policy, 15(6), pp.285-305.
52. Thompson, V. A. (1965), “Bureaucracy and innovation,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 10(1), pp.1-20.
53. T. K. Sung.(2005), “The Determinants of Firm's Innovative Activity: A Comparison of High Technology Industries and Low Technological Industries,” Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 18(1), pp.339-360.
54. Veugelers, R.(2012), “Which policy instruments to induce clean innovating?,” Research Policy, 41(10), pp.1770-1778.
55. Wallsten, S. J.(2000), “Do Government-industry R&D Programs Increase Private R&D?: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 31(1), pp.82-100.
56. Wieser, R.(2005), “Research and Development Productivity and Spillovers: Empirical Evidence at the Firm Level,” Journal of Economic Surveys, 19(4), pp.587-621.
57. Y. C. Im.(1998), Government R&D Investment Efficiency Plan, 1998-10, pp.1-110. STEPI, Available at https://www.stepi.re.kr.
58. Y. H. Noh & C. S. Song.(2014), “A Study on the Performance of Government-driven R&D projects for SMEs,” The Conference of Journal of Industrial Economic and Business, 27(6), pp. 2403-2429.
59. Y. M. Ko, H. K. Lee, & Y. J. Kim.(2017), Exploring the direction of the government's industrial technology R&D investment efficiency improvement to drive science and technology innovation, KISTEP, Issue paper 2017-08, Available at https://www.kistep.re.kr.
60. Y. S. Shin, S. K. Jang, & H. H. Jung.(2009), “Relationship between R&D Investment, Technology Management Capability,” and Firm Performance, Korean Management Review, 38(1), pp.105-132.
61. Y. K. Yoon, H. Y. Won, Y. K. Choi, D. K. Kim, & Y. W. Ko.(2009), Analysis and Evaluation of Employment Impact of Regional Industrial Policies, KLI, Available at https://www.kli.re.kr.

∙ The author Yong-ki Min is a PhD Candidate in International Business, Sogang University. He earned a bachelors’ degree in Department of Trade from Kyungpook National University, a master’s degree in Economics from the Korea University Graduate School of Policy studies. His research interests include international management strategy, marketing, business models, and consumer decision-making.

∙ The author Jae-Hwi Jeong is an Assistant Professor in the Department of International Trade at Daegu University. He received his PhD in international business and strategy from Sogang University. He has conducted international technology transfer and international strategy for the emerging markets. He also examines the relationship between international CSR and HRM performance.

∙ The author Chol Lee is currently a Professor in the Department of Business Administration at Sogang University. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature and a Master in Business Administration at Seoul National University, and a PhD in Business Administration from the University of Texas at Austin. He served as a president and an editor-in-chief of the Korean Academy of International Business, and served on an editorial board of the Journal of International Business Studies(JIBS) and Korean management Review. His primary research interests include global management, global marketing, global brands, government export policies, social enterprise, customer satisfaction management, and corporate social responsibility(CSR).

∙ The author Do-eui Kim is a PhD Candidate in International Business, Sogang University. Do-eui Kim earned a bachelors’ degree in Business Administration from Korea Nazarene University, a master’s degree in International Business from Sogang University. Her active research areas are cross cultural consumer behavior, online consumer behavior, consumer decision making, and corporate social responsibility.