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korean management review - Vol. 48 , No. 3

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[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 733-766
Abbreviation: kmr
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 30 Jun 2019
Received 09 Jul 2018 Revised 18 Feb 2018 Accepted 21 Mar 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2019.48.3.733
Work Adjustment and Job Satisfaction of Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese Workers in Korea: Mediating Role of Acculturation
Kwon-Su Kim^* ; Jinxi Michelle Li^**
*Gyeongsang National University, Dept. of Business Administration, Ph.D. Candidate, First Author

**Gyeongsang National University, Dept. of Business Administration, Associate Professor, Corresponding Author

조선족과 한족 근로자들의 한국에서의 직무적응 및 직무만족에 관한 연구: 문화적응의 매개효과를 중심으로
김권수^* ; 이금희^**

*(제1저자) 경상대학교 경영학과 박사수료 (kskim@gnu.ac.kr)

**(교신저자) 경상대학교 경영학과 부교수 (jxlilee@gnu.ac.kr)



Funding Information ▼ Gyeongsang National University

Abstract

Since the Olympics in 1988, the number of foreigners has increased to 2 million now and Korea is entering a multicultural society. However, most foreign workers in Korea are suffering from poor working conditions, low wages, delayed payment of wages, and cultural adaptation. The variables, duly sorted by different human needs under ERG theory, were assumed to predict the work and cultural adjustment as well as job satisfaction, and included Korean language skills(Existence needs), work conditions(Existence needs), power distance(Relatedness needs), social-cultural distance (Relatedness needs), and achievement needs(Growth needs). The sample of our respondents was 181 Chinese workers(106 Han-Chinese and 75 Korean-Chinese).

The empirical results are as follows. Korean language skills positively affected acculturation level and cultural integration, while social-cultural distance negatively influenced cultural integration and work adjustment. Power distance had a positive(+) impact on work adjustment. Work conditions and achievement needs both significantly influenced all the outcome variables including acculturation level, cultural integration, work adjustment and job satisfaction. Acculturation level was found to mediate the relationship between Korean language skills and work adjustment/job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/ job satisfaction. Cultural integration was found to mediate the relationship between working conditions and work adjustment/job satisfaction, social-cultural distance and work adjustment/ job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/job satisfaction. In addition, the two ethnic groups were significantly different in the following paths: working conditions → job satisfaction, power distance → acculturation level, cultural integration → work adjustment, cultural integration → job satisfaction, Korean language skills → work adjustment, and power distance → job satisfaction.

This study made a meaningful contribution to the theories of acculturation and work adjustment by analyzing the factors affecting them. The unidimensional and bidimensional measurements of acculturation used in this study also enabled us to compare these two concepts empirically.

초록

88 올림픽 이후 지속적으로 증가한 국내 외국인수는 현재 200만 명에 달하며 한국은 다문화 사회로 진입하고 있다. 하지만 한국에 근무하는 외국인 근로자들은 대부분 저임금과 열악한 근무환경, 그리고 문화적응 등으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다.

본 연구는 Alderfer(1972)의 ERG이론을 프레임으로 한국어 능력(Existence needs), 근로조건(Existence needs), 사회문화적 거리(Relatedness needs), 권력거리(Relatedness needs) 및 성취욕구(Growth needs) 등 ERG요인들이 문화적응(수준 1차원, 통합 2차원)과 직무만족 및 직무적응에 미치는 영향, 그리고 문화적응의 매개효과 및 민족의 조절효과를 분석함으로써 외국인 근로자를 고용하는 기업들과 이들을 지원하는 사회복지 단체에 관리적 및 실무적 시사점을 주고자 한다.

이를 실증적으로 검증하기 위하여 중국인 근로자 181명(조선족 106명, 한족 75명)에 대한 설문조사를 토대로 Amos를 이용한 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 실증적 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 한국어 능력은 문화적응 수준 및 문화통합에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을, 근로조건은 문화적응 수준, 문화통합, 직무적응 및 직무만족에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을, 사회문화적 거리는 문화통합 및 직무적응에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을, 권력거리는 직무적응에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을, 성취욕구는 문화적응 수준, 문화통합, 직무적응 및 직무만족에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 문화적응 수준은 한국어 능력과 직무적응/직무만족의 관계 및 성취욕구와 직무적응/직무만족의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 문화통합은 근로조건과 직무적응/직무만족의 관계, 사회문화적 거리와 직무적응/직무만족의 관계, 그리고 성취욕구와 직무적응/직무만족의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 민족 집단은 근로조건 → 직무만족, 권력거리 → 문화적응수준, 문화통합 → 직무적응, 문화통합 → 직무만족, 한국어 능력 → 직무적응, 권력거리→직무만족 등 6개 경로에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

본 연구는 ERG이론을 프레임으로 문화적응, 직무적응 및 직무만족에 영향 미치는 요소들을 분석함으로써 문화적응과 직무적응의 이론적 확립에 큰 기여를 하였고, 문화적응의 1차원(수준) 및 2차원(통합) 척도를 모두 사용함으로써 이 두 개념의 차이점을 실증적으로 분석하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.


Keywords: acculturation level, cultural integration, work adjustment, social-cultural distance, power distance, achievement needs 키워드: 문화적응 수준, 문화통합, 직무적응, 사회문화적 거리, 권력거리, 성취욕구

Acknowledgments

이 연구는 2017년도 경상대학교 학술진흥지원사업 연구비에 의하여 수행되었음.This work was supported by the fund of research promotion program, Gyeongsang National University, 2017

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• 저자 김권수는 현재 경상대학교 일반대학원 경영학과 박사과정을 수료하고 학부 강의를 하고 있다. 동 대학에서 경영학 학사와 석사 학위를 취득하였다. 주요 관심 연구분야는 긍정심리자본과 회복력, 외국인의 적응과 심리자본 등이다.

• 저자 이금희는 현재 경상대학교 경영학과 부교수로 재직 중이다. 미국 Liberty University와 Southern Illinois University에서 각각 커뮤니케이션 학사와 석사 학위를 취득하였고 이화여자대학교에서 인사조직 전공으로 박사학위를 취득하였다. 주요 연구분야는 문화적응, 동기부여, 조직문화 등이다.