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Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 46, No. 5, pp.1247-1302
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Oct 2017
Received 24 Oct 2016 Revised 11 Mar 2017 Accepted 18 Jul 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2017.46.5.1247

CSR 인식의 국내 연구동향과 향후 연구방향: ‘종업원의 CSR 인식’ 연구를 중심으로

최병권* ; 문형구** ; 주영란***
*(주저자) 상명대학교 경영학부 조교수 jrpfeffer@smu.ac.kr
**(공저자) 고려대학교 경영학과 교수 hkmoon@korea.ac.kr
***(교신저자) 고려대학교 경영학과 석박통합과정 yrjoo@korea.ac.kr
Review and Future Research Direction for CSR Perception in Korea: Focus on Employees’ Perceived CSR
Byoung Kwon Choi* ; Hyoung Koo Moon** ; Young Ran Joo***
*Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Sangmyung University, First Author
**Professor, Korea University Business School, Co-author
***Ph.D. candidate, Korea University Business School, Corresponding Author

초록

기업의 사회적 책임(corporate social responsibility; 이하 CSR)은 기업의 재무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 인식되면서 그간 많은 국내 연구들은 전략·재무 등 조직수준에서 CSR 연구를 수행해 왔다. 그러나 CSR은 종업원의 긍정적 태도 및 행동을 촉진함으로써 조직 효과성을 향상시킬 수 있다는 관점이 등장하면서, 종업원 개인수준의 CSR 인식에 대한 연구도 증가하고 있는 추세이나, 그간 이루어진 종업원의 CSR 인식에 초점을 둔 국내 연구들의 동향을 분석하고 향후 연구방향을 모색하는 노력은 부족하였다.

이에 본 연구는 지난 30여 년 동안 국내 경영학 분야의 등재학술지에 실린 총 40편의 종업원의 CSR 인식을 다룬 연구를 중심으로 CSR 인식에 대한 전반적 연구현황, 관점, 이론, 측정도구, 실증연구 결과, 연구방법 측면에서 해외의 연구와 비교하면서, 국내의 연구 동향을 분석하고 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다. 우선, 국내 연구 동향을 보면, CSR 인식에 대한 관점으로 CSR 활동·수준에 대한 인식 및 수행 동기에 대한 인식 관점의 연구가 많았으며, CSR 인식의 메커니즘을 설명하기 위해 사회정체성이론과 귀인이론이 많이 활용된 반면, 사회교환이론이나 공정성이론은 상대적으로 적었다. 측정도구에 있어서는 책임기반 관점 및 이해관계자기반 관점의 측정도구가 많이 활용되었으며, CSR 하위차원별로 보면 재량적 CSR과 사회 대상 CSR이 많이 다루어졌다. 실증연구에 있어서는 CSR 인식과 결과변수 간의 관계를 다룬 연구는 많았으나 CSR 인식의 선행요인을 규명하는 연구는 적었다.

이러한 연구동향 분석을 바탕으로 CSR 인식 메커니즘 규명을 위한 미시적 관점의 이론 적용, CSR 인식의 부정적 측면 탐색을 위한 새로운 관점의 연구, 연구 목적에 부합하는 CSR 인식의 측정도구의 선별적 활용, CSR 활동·수준 인식과 동기 인식 간의 상호작용 연구, CSR 인식의 선행요인으로서 개인특성 및 상사·조직특성 규명, 산업 특성을 고려한 CSR의 차별적 영향에 대한 연구, 한국 특성을 고려한 CSR 인식에 대한 연구 등을 향후 연구방향으로 제안하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 방법론상의 한계점 등을 정리하였다.

Abstract

As an organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered an important determinant of its financial performance, a significant volume of existing research on CSR in Korea has been conducted in macro-level disciplines such as strategy and finance. There has also been an increase in research examining the mechanism of employee CSR perception at the individual level, due to a growing belief that CSR can also enhance organizational effectiveness by facilitating employees' positive attitudes and behaviors toward their organization. However, there has been no effort to critically review the accumulated studies on employee CSR perception in Korea and to explore agendas for future research.

This study aims to identify research trends and to suggest directions for future CSR research through critically reviewing the 40 papers related to employee CSR perception in the field of management over the last 30 years in Korea, in the six aspects of overall publication trends, perspectives, theories, measurement, empirical findings, and research methods. The main findings can be summarized as follows. Most domestic studies have examined CSR perception in terms of employees' awareness of the organization’s CSR level and perceived CSR motives. As for theories, many of the prior studies investigated the positive effects of CSR perception based on social identity and attribution theories; however, there are relatively few addressing social exchange and organizational justice theories. Measures from the perspective of responsibility and stakeholder were widely utilized and much of the research has focused on discretionary CSR and community-related CSR dimension. Among the empirical findings, while there are many studies which seek to examine the relationship between employee CSR perception and outcomes, little effort has been made to investigate predictors of employee CSR perception.

Based on the above analysis, this study suggests the following directions for future research on employee CSR perception in Korea: application of micro-level theory to understand the mechanism of employee CSR perception; exploration of negative consequences of employee CSR perception; use of appropriate measures which corresponds to particular research questions; examination of interaction between CSR activity/level and attributed-CSR motives; investigation of predictors of employee CSR perception based on the characteristics of employee, supervisor and organization; research on the differential effects of CSR dimensions by considering industry characteristics; and consideration of Korean cultural features. In the conclusion to this study, the contributions and limitations of our analysis are discussed.

Keywords:

Corporate social responsibility, CSR perception, Employee, Individual-level, Review, Future Research Direction

키워드:

사회적 책임, CSR 인식, 종업원, 개인수준, 연구동향, 향후 연구방향

Acknowledgments

본 연구는 고려대학교 경영대학 연구비에 의해 수행되었음.

본 연구를 위해 귀중한 조언을 해 주신 심사자님께 감사드립니다.

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• 저자 최병권은 현재 상명대학교 경영학부 조교수로 재직 중이다. 주요 연구 분야는 동기적 관점에서의 조직행동으로서 조직시민행동, 피드백추구행동, 조직공정성, 대인간 신뢰 등이다.

• 저자 문형구는 현재 고려대학교 경영학과 교수로 재직 중이다. 미국 미네소타 대학교에서 경영학 박사 학위를 취득하였다. 주요 연구 관심 분야는 기업사회공헌, 섹터 간 파트너십, 비영리조직, 기업윤리, 동기부여, 조직시민행동, 문화지능 등이다.

• 저자 주영란은 고려대학교 경영학과에서 경영관리전공으로 석박통합과정을 수료하였다. 주요 연구 관심 분야는 기업의 사회적 책임 및 조직 내 윤리적·비윤리적 행동 등이다.