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[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1541-1561
Abbreviation: kmr
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2025
Received 24 Apr 2025 Revised 24 Jul 2025 Accepted 03 Aug 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2025.54.6.1541
Organizing Human-AI Collaboration: An Actor-Network Theory Perspective on the Evolution of HR Roles
Joonghak Lee ; Sungjun Kim ; Myunghoon Yoon ; Juhyun Nam
(First Author) Dongguk University, Dept. of Business Administration (joonghaklee@dgu.ac.kr)

(Corresponding Author) Kookmin University, College of Business Administration (leadership@kookmin.ac.kr)

(Co-Author) Wantedlab (myunghoon.yoon@wantedlab.com)

(Co-Author) LG Energy Solution (juhyun.nam@lgensol.com)

AI와 인간이 공존하는 조직: 액터-네트워크 이론 관점에서 본 HR 역할의 진화
이중학 ; 김성준 ; 윤명훈 ; 남주현

(주저자) 동국대학교 경영학과

(교신저자) 국민대학교 경영대학

(공저자) 원티드랩

(공저자) LG에너지솔루션
Copyright 2025 THE KOREAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is shaping a new Human Resource Management (HRM) paradigm in which AI agents are increasingly regarded as organizational colleagues. While AI was previously employed primarily for automating repetitive tasks, recent developments have enabled AI agents to perform work autonomously through sophisticated decision-making and continuous learning, mirroring the capabilities of human employees. Consequently, HR departments must adopt an approach that reconciles traditional HRM practices—such as recruitment, training, compensation, and performance management—with simultaneously integrating AI-specific considerations. This study explores the potential of AI agents as active organizational actors beyond their function as mere tools, drawing on Actor-Network Theory and the concept of Augmented Intelligence. Key HR challenges are discussed, including the selection of AI agents by assessing performance metrics and ethical risks, onboarding processes to facilitate organizational adaptation, continuous learning and development support, designing algorithmic compensation systems, and monitoring both AI-generated outcomes and decision-making processes through structured feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for HR professionals to foster a culture of effective AI-human collaboration and ensure compliance with relevant regulations. Ultimately, this research posits that managing AI agents alongside human employees will become an indispensable component of future HRM.

초록

AI(Artificial Intelligence) 기술의 급속한 발전으로 AI 에이전트를 조직의 동료로 바라봐야 하는 새로운 인사관리 패러다임이 형성되고 있다. 과거에는 AI가 반복 업무 자동화에 주로 사용되었으나, 최근에는 (반)자율적 의사결정과 학습을 통해 사람 종업원처럼 업무를 수행할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 따라 인사 부서는 AI 에이전트를 선발·교육·보상·성과관리 측면에서 기존 인사관리 방식과 유사하지만, 동시에 AI만의 특성을 반영한 새로운 접근이 필요해졌다. 본 연구는 액터-네트워크 이론 관점에서 AI 에이전트가 도구를 넘어 능동적 행위자로 조직에 기여할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하며, 이를 위한 인사의 핵심 과제들을 논의한다. 구체적으로 인사는 AI의 성능 지표와 윤리적 위험을 평가하는 선별부터 조직 적응을 돕는 온보딩, 지속적 학습을 지원하는 교육 및 육성, 알고리즘적 보상체계를 설계하는 보상, 그리고 결과물과 사고 과정을 모니터링·피드백하는 성과관리 과정에 개입해야 함을 강조한다. 나아가 AI-인간 협업을 위한 문화 조성과 법규 준수 역량이 HR 담당자에게 요구됨을 주장하고자 한다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 조직 내 AI 에이전트를 인간과 함께 관리하는 방향이 인사관리의 새로운 영역이 될 것임을 시사하고 새롭게 요구되는 인사 역할과 담당자의 능력을 제안한다.


Keywords: AI Agent, Human Resource Management, Selection, Onboarding 키워드: AI에이전트, 인사관리, 선별, 육성, 보상

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∙ 저자 이중학 교수는 현대자동차그룹 경영연구원과 롯데인재개발원에서 근무했다. 인공지능, 다양성 관리, People Analytics 연구를 수행하며, 45편 이상의 논문을 게재하고 8권의 저서를 출간했다.

∙ 저자 김성준 교수는 국민대학교 경영대학 겸임교수로 재직 중이며, SK그룹과 롯데그룹 인재개발원에서 근무했다. 리더십, 조직문화, People Analytics 연구를 수행하며, 다수의 국내외 학술지에 논문을 게재하고 4권의 저서를 출간했다.

∙ 저자 윤명훈 박사는 AI 기반 채용 및 AX 전환 솔루션을 제공하는 원티드랩의 사업총괄로 재직 중이며, 중앙대학교, 가천대학교, 서울과학종합대학원에서 겸임교수 및 객원교수로 활동하고 있다. 쿠팡과 현대백화점에서 근무했으며, HRD, 인공지능, People Analytics 연구를 수행하고, 5권의 저서를 출간했다.

∙ 저자 남주현 박사는 2차전지 제조사인 글로벌 기업 LG에너지솔루션에서 인사담당 상무로 재직중이며, 인사혁신처, OECD 대한민국정책센터, 그리고 LG경영연구원에서 근무하였다. 보상정책으로 박사를 취득하였고 정부와 기업을 오가며 HR제도, 조직설계, 리더육성을 해오고 있다. 조직내 권력관계 분석, HR정책 비교연구, 여성리더십, HR에서의 AI 활용에 대해 관심을 갖고 실무와 연구를 병행하고 있다.