Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 53, No. 1, pp.137-162
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 28 Feb 2024
Received 01 Aug 2023 Revised 05 Dec 2023 Accepted 22 Dec 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2024.53.1.137

위험지각이 건설적 발언 행동에 미치는 영향: 정서적 위험지각의 매개효과와 안전 리더십의 조절된 매개효과

Kangcholong Kim ; Kwangsu Moon ; Shezeen Oah ; Sungjun Lim
(First Author) Chung-Ang University kkcl2002@naver.com
(Corresponding Author) Chung-Ang University ksmoon@cau.ac.kr
(Co-Author) Chung-Ang University shezeen@cau.ac.kr
(Co-Author) Chung-Ang University kokoa1717@cau.ac.kr
The Effect of Risk Perception on Constructive Voice Behavior: Mediating Effect of Affective Risk Perception and Moderated Mediating Effect of Safety Leadership


Copyright 2024 THE KOREAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Despite the recognized significance of risk perception and safety interventions in the job environments of frontline workers in the manufacturing industry, there remains a lack of understanding. To address this gap, this study developed a micro-level job demands-resource model and examined the mediating effect of affective risk perception on the relationship between cognitive risk perception and constructive voice behavior among 350 workers in a Korean household appliance manufacturing factory. Also, the moderating effect of safety leadership was investigated. The key findings revealed that affective risk perception fully mediated the influence of cognitive risk perception, inhibiting constructive voice behavior. Surprisingly, the negative impact of affective risk perception on constructive voice behavior is exacerbated by positive safety leadership. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the detrimental effects of perceived risk and managerial safety emphasis on employees' constructive performance, providing valuable insights for related research and practical implications in the field.

Keywords:

Cognitive risk perception, Affective risk perception, Constructive voice behavior, Safety leadership

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2018.

References

  • Arezes, P. M., & Miguel, A. S.(2008), “Risk Perception and Safety Behaviour: A Study in an Occu- pational Environment,” Safety Science, 46(6), pp.900-907. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.11.008]
  • Aven, T., & Renn, O.(2009), “On Risk Defined as an Event Where the Outcome Is Uncertain,” Journal of Risk Research, 12(1), pp.1-11. [https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870802488883]
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E.(2007), “The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art,” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), pp.309-328. [https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115]
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E.(2017), “Job Demands-Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward,” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), pp.273. [https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056]
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A.(1986), “The Moderator- Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psy- chological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.1173. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173]
  • Bazzoli, A., & Curcuruto, M.(2021), “Safety Leadership and Safety Voices: Exploring the Mediation Role of Proactive Motivations,” Journal of Risk Research, 24(11), pp.1368-1387. [https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1863846]
  • Chamberlin, M., Newton, D. W., & Lepine, J. A. (2017), “A Meta-Analysis of Voice and Its Promotive and Prohibitive Forms: Identi- fication of Key Associations, Distinctions, and Future Research Directions,” Personnel Psychology, 70(1), pp.11-71. [https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12185]
  • Clarke, S.(2013), “Safety Leadership: A Meta- Analytic Review of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles as Ante- cedents of Safety Behaviours,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(1), pp.22-49. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02064.x]
  • Curcuruto, M., Parker, S. K., & Griffin, M. A. (2019), “Proactivity towards Workplace Safety Improvement: An Investigation of Its Moti- vational Drivers and Organizational Outcomes,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), pp.221-238. [https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1572115]
  • Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M.(1985), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior, Plenum Press, New York, NY. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7]
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B.(2001), “The Job Demands- Resources Model of Burnout,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), pp.499. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499]
  • Diener, E., Thapa, S., & Tay, L. (2020), “Positive Emotions at Work,” Annual Review of Organi- zational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, pp.451-477. [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044908]
  • Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C.(2003), “Concep- tualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs,” Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), pp.1359- 1392. [https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384]
  • Epstein, S.(1994), “Integration of the Cognitive and the Psychodynamic Unconscious,” American Psychologist, 49(8), pp.709. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.49.8.709]
  • Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990), “Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment, and Innovation,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), pp.51. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.75.1.51]
  • Finucane, M. L., Alhakami, A., Slovic, P., & Johnson, S. M.(2000), “The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits,” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13(1), pp.1-17. [https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(200001/03)13:1<1::AID-BDM333>3.0.CO;2-S]
  • Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., Lichtenstein, S., Read, S., & Combs, B.(1978), “How Safe Is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes towards Technological Risks and Benefits,” Policy Sciences, 9, pp.127-152. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143739]
  • Frank, A. G., Dalenogare, L. S., & Ayala, N. F.(2019), “Industry 4.0 Technologies: Implementation Patterns in Manufacturing Companies,” International Journal of Production Economics, 210, pp.15-26. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.004]
  • Geller, E. S.(2016), “The Psychology of Safety Handbook,” CRC Press. Section 4. [https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420032567]
  • Gorden, W. I.(1988), “Range of Employee Voice,” Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 1, pp.283-299. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01556937]
  • Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L.(1990), “Retirement as a voluntary organizational withdrawal behavior,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, pp.60-78. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90007-O]
  • Hayes, A. F.(2013), “Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach,” New York: The Guilford Press. Chapter 7-8.
  • Hobfoll, S. E.(1989), “Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress,” American Psychologist, 44(3), pp.513. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.44.3.513]
  • Hobfoll, S.E. & Shirom, A.(2000), “Conservation of resources theory: Applications to stress and management in the workplace”, in Golembiewski, R.T. (Ed.), Handbook of Organization Behavior, 2nd ed., Dekker, New York, NY, pp.57-81.
  • Hofmann, D. A., & Morgeson, F. P.(1999), “Safety- Related Behavior as a Social Exchange: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(2), pp.286. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.84.2.286]
  • Hofstede, G.(1980), “Motivation, Leadership, and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?” Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), pp.42-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(80)90013-3]
  • Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L.(2017), “Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), pp.356. [https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000181]
  • Kahn, R.L. & Byosserie, P.(1992), “Stress in organi- zations,” in Dunette, M.D. and Hough, L.M. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organi- zational Psychology, Vol.3, Consulting Psy- chologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp.571-650.
  • Kwon, K., & Kim, T.(2020), “An Integrative Literature Review of Employee Engagement and Inno- vative Behavior: Revisiting the JD-R Model,” Human Resource Management Review, 30 (2), pp.100704. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100704]
  • Lee, K. A., Lee, J. H, Oh, S. Z.(2013), “Impact of Workers’ Perceptions of the Safety Climate on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Turnover in the Manufacturing Industry,” Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, 28(1), pp. 102-108. [https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2013.28.1.102]
  • Lekka, C., Healey, N.(2012), “A Review of the Lite- rature on Effective Leadership Behaviours for Safety,” https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr952.pdf, . Retrieved July 2023.
  • Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S.(2015), “Emotion and Decision Making,” Annual Review of Psychology, 66, pp.799- 823. [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043]
  • Liang, J., Farh, C. I., & Farh, J. L.(2012), “Psyc- hological Antecedents of Promotive and Prohibitive Voice: A Two-Wave Examination,” Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), pp.71-92. [https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0176]
  • Lim, S. J., Yoon, D. Y., Moon, K. S., & Oah, S. Z., (2017), “The Effect of Subjective Overwork on Health: Moderate Effect of Risk Per- ception” Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, 32(6), pp.116-124.
  • Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001), “Risk as Feelings,” Psy- chological Bulletin, 127(2), pp.267. [https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.127.2.267]
  • Lu, C. S., & Yang, C. S.(2010), “Safety Leadership and Safety Behavior in Container Terminal Operations,” Safety Science, 48(2), pp.123- 134. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.05.003]
  • Madrid, H. P.(2020), “Emotion Regulation, Positive Affect, and Promotive Voice Behavior at Work,” Frontiers in Psychology, 11, pp.1739. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01739]
  • Man, S. S., Chan, A. H. S., & Alabdulkarim, S. (2019), “Quantification of Risk Perception: Development and Validation of the Construction Worker Risk Perception (CoWoRP) Scale,” Journal of Safety Research, 71, pp.25-39. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.009]
  • Mathisen, G. E., Tjora, T., & Bergh, L. I. V.(2022), “Speaking up about Safety Concerns in High-Risk Industries: Correlates of Safety Voice in the Offshore Oil Rig Sector,” Safety Science, 145, pp.105487. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105487]
  • Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M.(2014), “Speaking More Broadly: An Examination of the Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences of an Expanded Set of Employee Voice Behaviors,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), pp.87. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034284]
  • McClean, E. J., Burris, E. R., & Detert, J. R.(2013), “When Does Voice Lead to Exit? It Depends on Leadership,” Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), pp.525-548. [https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0041]
  • Megías, A., Candido, A., Maldonado, A., & Catena, A.(2018), “Neural Correlates of Risk Per- ception as a Function of Risk Level: An Approach to the Study of Risk through a Daily Life Task,” Neuropsychologia, 119, pp.464-473. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.012]
  • Meijman, T.F. & Mulder, G.(1998), “Psychological aspects of workload,” in Drenth, P.J., Thierry, H. and de Wolff, C.J. (Eds), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., Erlbaum, Hove, pp.5-33.
  • Meliá, J. L., Mearns, K., Silva, S. A., & Lima, M. L.(2008), “Safety Climate Responses and the Perceived Risk of Accidents in the Con- struction Industry,” Safety Science, 46(6), pp.949-958. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.11.004]
  • Michael, J. H., Evans, D. D., Jansen, K. J., & Haight, J. M.(2005), “Management com- mitment to safety as organizational support: Relationships with non-safety outcomes in wood manufacturing employees,” Journal of Safety Research, 36(2), pp.171-179. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.03.002]
  • Morrison, E. W.(2011), “Employee Voice Behavior: Integration and Directions for Future Research,” Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), pp. 373-412. [https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.574506]
  • Morrison, E. W.(2014), “Employee Voice and Silence,” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), pp.173- 197. [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328]
  • Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J.(2000), “Organi- zational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World,” Academy of Management Review, 25(4), pp.706-725. [https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697]
  • Morrow, K. J., Gustavson, A. M., & Jones, J.(2016), “Speaking Up Behaviours (Safety Voices) of Healthcare Workers: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Research Studies,” International Journal of Nursing Studies, 64, pp.42-51. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.014]
  • Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A.(2011), “Safety at Work: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Link Between Job Demands, Job Resources, Burnout, Engagement, and Safety Outcomes,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), pp.71-94. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021484]
  • Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2012), “Employee Voice Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Test of the Conservation of Resources Framework,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), pp.216-234. [https://doi.org/10.1002/job.754]
  • Nielsen, M. B., Mearns, K., Matthiesen, S. B., & Eid, J.(2011), “Using the Job Demands- Resources Model to Investigate Risk Perception, Safety Climate and Job Satisfaction in Safety Critical Organizations,” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(5), pp.465-475. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00885.x]
  • Noort, M. C., Reader, T. W., & Gillespie, A.(2019), “Speaking Up to Prevent Harm: A Systematic Review of the Safety Voice Literature,” Safety Science, 117, pp.375-387. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.039]
  • Oah, S., Na, R., & Moon, K.(2018), “The Influence of Safety Climate, Safety Leadership, Workload, and Accident Experiences on Risk Perception: A Study of Korean Manufacturing Workers,” Safety and Health at Work, 9(4), pp.427- 433. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.008]
  • Pilbeam, C., Doherty, N., Davidson, R., & Denyer, D.(2016), “Safety Leadership Practices for Organizational Safety Compliance: Developing a Research Agenda from a Review of the Literature,” Safety Science, 86, pp.110-121. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.02.015]
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F.(2008), “Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models,” Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), pp.879-891. [https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879]
  • Reid, H., Flin, R., Mearns, K., & Bryden, R.(2008, April), “Influence from the Top: Senior Managers and Safety Leadership,” In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability (pp.SPE-111762). SPE. [https://doi.org/10.2118/111762-MS]
  • Rundmo, T.(1996), “Associations Between Risk Per- ception and Safety,” Safety Science, 24(3), pp.197-209. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00038-6]
  • Rundmo, T.(2000), “Safety Climate, Attitudes, and Risk Perception in Norsk Hydro,” Safety Science, 34(1-3), pp.47-59. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00006-0]
  • Rundmo, T. R., & Moen, B. R. E.(2006), “Risk Perception and Demand for Risk Mitigation in Transport: A Comparison of Lay People, Politicians, and Experts,” Journal of Risk Research, 9(6), pp.623-640. [https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870600813811]
  • Rundmo, T., & Nordfjærn, T.(2017), “Does Risk Perception Really Exist?” Safety Science, 93, pp.230-240. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.12.014]
  • Rundmo, T., & Sjöberg, L.(1996), “Employee Risk Perception Related to Offshore Oil Platform Movements,” Safety Science, 24(3), pp.211- 227. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00039-8]
  • Seligman, M. E., & Maier, S. F.(1967), “Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock,” Journal of Ex- perimental Psychology, 74(1), pp.1. [https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514]
  • Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N.(2002), “Mediation in Experimental and Nonexperimental Studies: New Procedures and Recommendations,” Psychological Methods, 7(4), pp.422. [https://doi.org/10.1037//1082-989X.7.4.422]
  • Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G.(2007), “The Affect Heuristic,” European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), pp.1333-1352. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.04.006]
  • Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R.(2008), “Employee Silence on Critical Work Issues: The Cross- Level Effects of Procedural Justice Climate,” Personnel Psychology, 61(1), pp.37-68. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00105.x]
  • Thoresen, C. J., Kaplan, S. A., Barsky, A. P., Warren, C. R., & de Chermont, K.(2003), “The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration,” Psychological Bulletin, 129, pp.914-945. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.914]
  • Tucker, S., Chmiel, N., Turner, N., Hershcovis, M. S., & Stride, C. B.(2008), “Perceived Organi- zational Support for Safety and Employee Safety Voice: The Mediating Role of Coworker Support for Safety,” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), pp.319. [https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.319]
  • Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A.(1998), “Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity,” Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), pp.108-119. [https://doi.org/10.5465/256902]
  • Weiss, H. M., & Beal, D. J.(2005), “Reflections on Affective Events Theory,” In The Effect of Affect in Organizational Settings. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1(1), pp.1-21. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1746-9791(05)01101-6]
  • Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R.(1996), “Affective Events Theory,” Research in Organizational Behavior, 18(1), pp.1-74.
  • Wu, T. C., Chen, C. H., & Li, C. C.(2008), “A Cor- relation Among Safety Leadership, Safety Climate and Safety Performance,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 21(3), pp.307-318. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2007.11.001]
  • Xia, N., Wang, X., Griffin, M. A., Wu, C., & Liu, B.(2017), “Do We See How They Perceive Risk? An Integrated Analysis of Risk Per- ception and Its Effect on Workplace Safety Behavior,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 106, pp.234-242. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.06.010]
  • Xia, N., Xie, Q., Hu, X., Wang, X., & Meng, H. (2020), “A Dual Perspective on Risk Per- ception and Its Effect on Safety Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Safety Moti- vation, and Supervisor's and Coworkers' Safety Climate,” Accident Analysis & Pre- vention, 134, 105350. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105350]
  • Xia, Y., Schyns, B., & Zhang, L.(2020), “Why and When Job Stressors Impact Voice Behaviour: An Ego Depletion Perspective,” Journal of Business Research, 109, pp.200-209. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.053]

∙ The author Kangcholong Kim, the lead author, is currently pursuing her master's degree in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at the Graduate School of Chung-Ang University. She holds a degree in Psychology from Chung-Ang University. Her primary research areas include Organizational Behavior, Human Resource Management, and Leadership.

∙ The author Kwangsu Moon, the corresponding author, currently serves as an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at Chung-Ang University. He graduated from Chung-Ang University's Psychology department and earned master's and doctoral degrees in Industrial and Organizational Psychology from Chung-Ang University. His main research areas include Organizational Behavior Management, Safety Psychology, and Human Factors Engineering.

∙ The author Shezeen Oah, the co-author, served as a professor in the Department of Psychology at Chung-Ang University from 1994 to 2023 and has recently retired. He graduated from Chung-Ang University's Psychology department and earned his master's and doctoral degrees in Psychology from Western Michigan University, USA. His main research areas include Organizational Behavior Management, Feedback, and Industrial Safety.

∙ The author Sungjun Lim, the co-author, is currently employed at Samsung C&T. He obtained his master's and doctoral degrees in Industrial and Organizational Psychology from Chung-Ang University. He worked as a research fellow and lecturer at Chung-Ang University. His main areas of interest include Corporate Culture, Organizational Behavior, and ESG.