따뜻함에 다가가기: 감각적 따뜻함과 사회적 따뜻함을 중심으로

References

• Aaker, J. L.(1997), “Dimensions of brand personality,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), pp.347-356. [https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400304]
• Aaker, J. L.(1999), “Brand personality: A path to differentiation,” Brands Face the Future, ed. Rory Morgan, New York: Research International, pp.13-21.
• Aaker, J. L., Fournier, S. and Brasel, S. A.(2004), “When good brands do bad,” Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), pp.1-16. [https://doi.org/10.1086/383419]
• Aaker, J. L., Garbinsky, E. N., and Vohs, K. D. (2012), “Cultivating admiration in brands: Warmth, competence, and landing in the “Golden quadrant,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.191-194. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.11.012]
• Aaker, J. L., Vohs, K. D. and Mogilner, C.(2010), “Nonprofits are seen as warm and for-profits as competent: Firm stereotypes matter,” Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), pp.224-237. [https://doi.org/10.1086/651566]
• Aggarwal, P.(2004), “The effects of brand relationship norms on consumer attitudes and behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), pp.87-101. [https://doi.org/10.1086/383426]
• Aggarwal, P. and McGill, A. L.(2007), “Is that car smiling at me? Schema congruity as a basis for evaluating anthropomorphized products,” Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), pp.468-479. [https://doi.org/10.1086/518544]
• Alberts, J. R. and May, B.(1984), “Nonnutritive, thermotactile induction of filial huddling in rat pups,” Developmental Psychobiology, 17(2), pp.161-181. [https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.420170207]
• Alter, A. L. and Balcetis, E.(2011), “Fondness makes the distance grow shorter: Desired locations seem closer because they seem more vivid,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), pp.16-21. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.018]
• Anderson, J. R. and Bower, G. H.(1973), Human Associative Memory, V. H. Winston & Sons.
• Aron, A., Aron, E, N., Tudor, M., and Nelson, G. (1991), “Close relationships as including other in the self,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), pp.241-253. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.241]
• Asch, S. E.(1946), “Max wertheimer's contribution to modern psychology,” Social Research, 13(1), pp.81-102.
• Baek, E., Choo, H., and Lee, S.(2018), “Using warmth as the visual design of a store: Intimacy, relational needs, and approach intentions,” Journal of Business Research, 88(July), pp.91-101. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.013]
• Bargh, J. A. and Shalev, I.(2012), “The substitutability of physical and social warmth in daily life,” Emotion, 12(1), pp.154-162. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023527]
• Batson, D. C., Johee C., Ryan, O., and Jennifer R. (2002), “Empathy, attitudes, and action: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatised group motivate one to help the group?” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), pp.1656-1666. [https://doi.org/10.1177/014616702237647]
• Baumeister, R. F. and Leary, M. R.(1995), “The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation,” Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), pp.497-529. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497]
• Bennett, A. M. and Hill, R. P.(2012), “The universality of warmth and competence: A response to brands as intentional agents,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.199-204. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.10.005]
• Blumberg, M. S., Efimova, I. V., and Alberts, J. R. (1992), “Ultrasonic vocalizations by rat pups: The primary importance of ambient temperature and the thermal significance of contact comfort,” Developmental Psychobiology, 25(4), pp.229-250. [https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.420250402]
• Bower, G. H.(1981), “Mood and memory,” American Psychologist, 36(2), pp.129-148. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129]
• Bowlby, J.(1982), “Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), pp.664-678.  [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x]
• Bugental, D. B.(1986), “Unmasking the “polite smile” situational and personal determinants of managed affect in adult-child interaction,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12(1), pp.7-16. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167286121001]
• Cacioppo, J. T. and Cacioppo, S.(2018), “Loneliness in the modern age: An evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL),” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 58, pp.127-197. [https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.03.003]
• Carrier, A., Dompnier, B., and Yzerbyt, V.(2019), “Of nice and mean: The personal relevance of others’ competence drives perceptions of warmth,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(11), pp.1549-1562. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219835213]
• Cikara, M., Farnsworth, R. A., Harris, L. T., and Fiske, S. T.(2010), “On the wrong side of the trolley track: Neural correlates of relative social valuation,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(4), pp.404-413. [https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq011]
• Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., and Glick, P.(2007), “The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), pp.631-648. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631]
• Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., and Glick, P.(2008), “Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS map,” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, pp.61-149. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0]
• Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., and Beninger, A.(2011), “The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments and their outcomes in organizations,” Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, pp.73-98. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.004]
• Diener, E. and Seligman, M. E. P.(2002), “Very happy people,” Psychological Science, 13(1), pp.81-84. [https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00415]
• Dovey K.(1985), “Home and homelessness,” Home Environments, 8, pp.33-64. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2266-3_2]
• Dubois, D., Rucker, D. D., and Galinsky, A. D. (2016), “Dynamics of communicator and audience power: The persuasiveness of competence versus warmth,” Journal of Consumer Research, 43(1), pp.68-85. [https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucw006]
• Epley, N., Waytz, A., and Cacioppo, J. T.(2007), “On seeing human: A three factor theory of anthropomorphism,” Psychological Review, 114(4), pp.864-886. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864]
• Fay, A. J. and Maner, J. K.(2012), “Warmth, spatial proximity, and social attachment: The embodied perception of a social metaphor,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(6), pp.1369-1372. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.05.017]
• Fay, A. J. and Maner, J. K.(2015), “Embodied effects are moderated by situational cues: Warmth, threat, and the desire for affiliation,” British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(2), pp.291-305. [https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12088]
• Fay, A. J. and Maner, J. K.(2020), “Interactive effects of tactile warmth and ambient temperature on the search for social affiliation,” Social Psychology, 51(3), pp.199-204. [https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000407]
• Fenko, A., Schifferstein, H. N. J., and Hekkert, P. (2010), “Looking hot or feeling hot: What determines the product experience of warmth?” Materials & Design, 31(3), pp.1325-1331. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.09.008]
• Fiske, S. T.(1992), “Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from daguerreotype to laserphoto,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), pp.877-889. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.877]
• Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., and Glick, P.(2007), “Universal dimensions of social perception: Warmth, then competence,” Trends in Cognitive Science, 11(2), pp.77-83. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005]
• Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., and Xu, J. (2002), “A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from the perceived status and competition,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), pp.878-902. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878]
• Forbes(2013), “They said what? 3 CEO media blunders we can learn from,” Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/dailymuse/2013/11/26/they-said-what-3-ceo-mediablunders-we-can-learn-from/#47ead20b3a37, .
• Fournier, S.(2009), “Lessons learned about consumers' relationships with their brands,” In D. J. MacInnis, C. W. Park, & J. R. Priester (Eds.), Handbook of Brand Relationships, Armonk, NY: M E Sharpe, pp.5-23.
• Gao, Y. and Mattila, A. S.(2014), “Improving consumer satisfaction in green hotels: The roles of perceived warmth, perceived competence, and CSR motive,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42(September), pp.20-31. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.06.003]
• Garrido, M. V., Godinho, S., and Semin, G. R.(2019), “The “ins” and “outs” of person perception: The influence of consonant wanderings in judgments of warmth and competence,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 82(May), pp.1-5. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.11.004]
• Gentner, D. and Markman, A. B.(1997), “Structure mapping in analogy and similarity,” American Psychologist, 52(1), pp.45-56. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.1.45]
• Gino, F. and Mogilner, C.(2014), “Time, money, and morality,” Psychological Science, 25(2), pp.414-421. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613506438]
• Grimmer, K., King, E., Larsen, T., Farquharson, T., Potter, A., Sharpe, P., and de Wit, H. (2006), “Prevalence of hot weather conditions related to sports participation guidelines: a South Australian investigation,” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(1-2), pp.72-80. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.02.006]
• Gruber, J., Prinstein, M. J., Clark, L. A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J. S., Albano, A. M., Aldao, A., Borelli, J. L., Chung, T., Davila, J., Forbes, E. E., Gee, D. G., Hall, G. C. N., Hallion, L. S., Hinshaw, S. P., Hofmann, S. G., Hollon, S. D., Joormann, J., Kazdin, A. E., ... Weinstock, L. M.(2020), “Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action,” American Psychologist, 76(3), pp.409-426. [https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000707]
• Gustafsson, I. L., Rask, M., Schildmeijer, K., and Elmqvist, C.(2021), “Patients experience of warmth and coldness in connection with surgery-a phenomenological study,” International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 16(1), pp.1-9. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2020.1858540]
• Harlow, H. F.(1958), “The nature of love,” American Psychologist, 13(12), pp.673-685. [https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047884]
• Hasson, U. and Glucksberg, S.(2006), “Does understanding negation entail affirmation?: An examination of negated metaphors,” Journal of Pragmatics, 38(7), pp.1015-1032. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.12.005]
• Heide, J. B. and Wathne, K. H.(2006), “Friends, businesspeople, and relationship roles: A conceptual framework and a research agenda,” Journal of Marketing, 70(3), pp.90-103. [https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.3.90]
• Hong, J. and Sun, Y.(2012), “Warm it up with love: The effect of physical coldness on liking of romance movies,” Journal of Consumer Research, 39(2), pp.293-306. [https://doi.org/10.1086/662613]
• Hu, T. Y., Li, J., Jia, H., and Xie, X.(2016), “Helping others, warming yourself: Altruistic behaviors increase warmth feelings of the ambient environment,” Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (September), p.1349. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01349]
• Huang, R. and Ha, S.(2020), “The effects of warmth-oriented and competence-oriented service recovery messages on observers on online platforms,” Journal of Business Research, 121(December), pp.616-627. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.034]
• Huang, X., Zhang, M., Hui, M. K., and Wyer Jr, R. S.(2014), “Warmth and conformity: The effects of ambient temperature on product preferences and financial decisions,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(2), pp.241-250. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.09.009]
• IJzerman, H. and Koole, S.(2011), “From perceptual rags to metaphoric riches: Bodily, social, and cultural constraints on sociocognitive metaphors,” Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), pp.355-361. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022373]
• IJzerman, H. and Semin, G.(2010), “Temperature perceptions as a ground for social proximity,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), pp.867-873. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.015]
• IJzerman, H. and Semin, G. R.(2009), “The thermometer of social relations: Mapping social proximity on temperature,” Psychological Science, 20(10), pp.1214-1220. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02434.x]
• IJzerman, H., Coan, J. A., Wagemans, F., Missler, M. A., Beest, I. V., Lindenberg, S., and Tops, M.(2015a), “A theory of social thermoregulation in human primates,” Frontiers in Psychology, 6(December), p.464. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00464]
• IJzerman, H., Janssen, J. A., and Coan, J. A.(2015b), “Maintaining warm, trusting relationships with brands: Increased temperature perceptions after thinking of communal brands,” PloS One, 10(4), e0125194. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125194]
• IJzerman, H., Karremans, J., Thomsen, L., and Schubert, T.(2013), “Caring for sharing: How attachment styles modulate communal cues of physical warmth,” Social Psychology, 44(2), pp.161-167. [https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000142]
• IJzerman, H., Leung, A. K. Y., and Ong, L. S.(2014), “Perceptual symbols of creativity: Coldness elicits referential, warmth elicits relational creativity,” Acta Psychologica, 148(May), pp.136-147. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.01.013]
• IJzerman, H., Szymkow, A., and Parzuchowski, M. (2016), “Warmer hearts, and warmer, but noisier rooms: Communality does elicit warmth, but only for those in colder ambient temperatures—Commentary on Ebersole et al. (2016),” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67(November), pp.88-90. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.12.004]
• Inagaki, T. K. and Eisenberger, N. I.(2013), “Shared neural mechanisms underlying social warmth and physical warmth,” Psychological Science, 24(11), pp.2272-2280. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613492773]
• Inagaki, T. K. and Human, L. J.(2020), “Physical and social warmth: Warmer daily body temperature is associated with greater feelings of social connection,” Emotion, 20(6), pp.1093-1097. [https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000618]
• Inagaki, T. K. and Ross, L. P.(2021), “A body-to-mind perspective on social connection: Physical warmth potentiates brain activity to close others and subsequent feelings of social connection,” Emotion, 21(4), pp.812-822. [https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000749]
• Inagaki, T. K., Irwin, M. R., and Eisenberger, N. I. (2015), “Blocking opioids attenuates physical warmth-induced feelings of social connection,” Emotion, 15(4), pp.494-500. [https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000088]
• Inagaki, T. K., Irwin, M. R., Moieni, M., Jevtic, I., and Eisenberger, N. I.(2016), “A pilot study examining physical and social warmth: Higher (non-febrile) oral temperature is associated with greater feelings of social connection,” PLoS One, 11(6), e0156873. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156873]
• Itten, J.(1970), The Elements of Color (Vol. 4), John Wiley & Sons.
• Jha, S., Balaji, M. S., Peck, J., Oakley, J., and Deitz, G. D.(2020), “The effects of environmental haptic cues on consumer perceptions of retailer warmth and competence,” Journal of Retailing, 96(4), pp.590-605. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2020.04.003]
• Johansson, J. K., Douglas S. P., and Nonaka, I. (1985), “Assessing the impact of country of origin on product evaluations: a new methodological perspective,” Journal of Marketing Research, 22(4), pp.388-396. [https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378502200404]
• Judd, C. M., Hawkins, L. J., Yzerbyt, V., and Kashima, Y.(2005), “Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), pp.899-913. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.899]
• Kanazawa, S.(2011), “Intelligence and physical attractiveness,” Intelligence, 39(1), pp.7-14. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003]
• Kang, Y., Williams, L. E., Clark, M. S., Gray, J. R., and Bargh, J. A.(2011), “Physical temperature effects on trust behavior: The role of insula,” SCAN, 6(4), pp.507-515. [https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq077]
• Kedia, G., Lindner, M., Mussweiler, T., and Linden, D. E. J.(2010), “Brain networks of social comparison,” Unpublished manuscript.
• Kervyn, N., Fiske, S. T., and Malone, C.(2012), “Brands as intentional agents framework: How perceived intentions and ability can map brand perception,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.166-176. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.09.006]
• Kervyn, N., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Judd, C. M., and Nunes, A.(2009), “A question of compensation: The social life of the fundamental dimensions of social perception,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), pp.828-842. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013320]
• Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., and McGuire, T.W.(1984), “Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication,” American Psychologist, 39(10), pp.1123-1134. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.10.1123]
• Kim, J., Kwon, E. S., and Kim, B.(2018), “Personality structure of brands on social networking sites and its effects on brand affect and trust: evidence of brand anthropomorphization,” Asian Journal of Communication, 28(1), pp.93-113. [https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1363794]
• Kim, S. Y., Schmitt, B., and Thalmann, N.(2019), “Eliza in the uncanny valley: Anthropomorphizing consumer robots increases their perceived warmth but decreases liking,” Marketing Letters, 30(1), pp.1-12. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-019-09485-9]
• Kolbl, Ž, Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., and Diamantopoulos, A.(2019), “Stereotyping global brands: Is warmth more important than competence?” Journal of Business Research, 104(November), pp.614-621. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.060]
• Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., and Sleeth-Keppler, D.(2002), “A theory of goal systems,” In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 34(2), San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp.331-378. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80008-9]
• Kwortnik Jr, R. J., and Ross Jr, W. T.(2007), “The role of positive emotions in experiential decisions,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(4), pp.324-335. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2007.09.002]
• Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M.(1999), “Philosophy In the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought,” New York, NY: HarperCollins.
• Landau, M. J., Meier, B. P., and Keefer, L. A. (2010), “A metaphor-enriched social cognition,” Psychological Bulletin, 136(6), pp.1045-1067. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020970]
• Lee, J. and Shrum, L. J.(2012), “Conspicuous consumption versus charitable behavior in response to social exclusion: A differential needs explanation,” Journal of Consumer Research, 39(3), pp.530-544. [https://doi.org/10.1086/664039]
• Lee, S. and Min, D.(2021), “The effect of warmth metaphor on prosocial behavior: The need for social connectedness and empathy,” International Telecommunications Policy Review, 28(4), pp.1-30. [https://doi.org/10.37793/ITPR.28.4.1]
• Lee, S. and Min, D.(2022), “Sensory stimuli to sustainable social wellbeing: A multimodal approach based on warm scent,” Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), pp.146-163. [https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050146]
• Lee, S. H. M., Rotman, J. D., and Perkins, A. W. (2014), “Embodied cognition and social consumption: Self-regulating temperature through social products and behaviors,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(2), pp.234-240. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.09.006]
• Lewinski, R. J.(1938), “An investigation of individual responses to chromatic illumination,” Journal of Psychology, 6(1), pp.155-160. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1938.9917592]
• Li, H. and Liao, X.(2013), “Loneliness, warmth-seeking behavior, and posttraumatic stress among survivors of the Sichuan earthquake,” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(10), pp.1605-1612. [https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.10.1605]
• Lucas, B. J. and Livingston, R. W.(2014), “Feeling socially connected increases utilitarian choices in moral dilemmas,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 53(July), pp.1-4. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.011]
• Macrae, C. N., Raj, R. S., Best, S. B., Christian, B. M., and Miles, L. K.(2013), “Imagined sensory experiences can shape person perception: It's a matter of visual perspective,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), pp.595-598. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.002]
• Mak, W. W., Chio, F. H., Chong, K. S., and Law, R. W.(2021), “From mindfulness to personal recovery: The mediating roles of self-warmth, psychological flexibility, and valued living,” Mindfulness, 12(4), pp.994-1001. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01568-3]
• Manzo, L. C.(2003), “Beyond house and haven: Towards a revisioning of emotional relationships with places,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), pp.47-61. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00074-9]
• Maslow, A. H.(1943), “A theory of human motivation,” Psychological Review, 50(4), pp.370-396. [https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346]
• McIntyre, D. A.(1978), “Seven point scales of warmth,” Building Service Engineering Research and Technology, 45(12), pp.215-226.
• Mikulincer, M., Birnbaum, G., Woddis, D., and Nachmias, O.(2000), “Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(3), pp.509-523. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.509]
• Mogilner, C.(2010), “The pursuit of happiness: Time, money and social connection,” Psychological Science, 21(9), pp.1348-1354. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610380696]
• Möller, J. and Herm, S.(2013), “Shaping retail brand personality perceptions by bodily experiences,” Journal of Retailing, 89(4), pp.438-446. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2013.05.004]
• Montoya, R. M. and Horton, R. S.(2014), “A two-dimensional model for the study of interpersonal attraction,” Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(1), pp.59-86. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313501887]
• Moore, J.(2000), “Placing home in context,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), pp.207-217. [https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2000.0178]
• Mussweiler, T.(2003), “Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences,” Psychological Review, 110(3), pp.472-489. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.472]
• Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., and Tannenbaum. P. H. (1957), The Measurement of Meaning, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
• Park, H. and Min, D. W.(2018), “Review of recent sensory marketing research: Five senses, Motor Sens, and Multi-Sense,” Korean Management Review, 47(6), pp.1423-1456. [https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2018.47.6.1423]
• Park, Y. and Han, S. L(2021), “The effect of ESG activities on corporate image, perceived price fairness, and consumer responses,” Korean Management Review, 50(3), pp.643-664. [https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2021.50.3.643]
• Raghunathan, R., Pham, M. T., and Corfman, K. P.(2006), “Informational properties of anxiety and sadness, and displaced coping,” Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4), pp.596-601. [https://doi.org/10.1086/500491]
• Rai, D., Lin, C. W. W., and Yang, C. M.(2017), “The effects of temperature cues on charitable donation,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(1), pp.20-28. [https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-07-2015-1505]
• Rhee, H.(2021), “Expanded role of empathy in metaverse environment where AI is applied,” Journal of The Korea Contents Association, 21(11), pp.87-99. [https://doi.org/10.7583/JKGS.2021.21.3.79]
• Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C., and Vivekananthan, P. (1968), “A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(4), pp.283-294. [https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026086]
• Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L.(2000), “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being,” American Psychologist, 55(1), pp.68-78. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68]
• Schwarz, N. and Clore, G. L.(1983), “Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), pp.513-523. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513]
• Semin, G.R.(2007), “Implicit indicators of social distance and proximity,” In K. Fiedler (Ed.), Social Communication: Frontiers of Social Psychology, New York: Psychology Press, pp.389-409.
• Sikali K.(2020), “The dangers of social distancing: How COVID-19 can reshape our social experience,” Journal of Community Psychology, 48(8), pp.2435-2438. [https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22430]
• Singh, R. and Teoh, J. B. P.(2000), “Impression formation from intellectual and social traits: Evidence for behavioural adaptation and cognitive processing,” British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(4), pp.537-554. [https://doi.org/10.1348/014466600164624]
• Skowronski, J. J. and Carlston, D. E.(1987), “Social judgment and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), pp.689-699. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.689]
• Skowronski, J. J., and Carlston, D. E.(1987), “Social judgment and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), pp.689-699. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.689]
• Steenkamp, J. B. E., Batra, R., and Alden, D. L. (2003), “How perceived brand globalness creates brand value,” Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), pp.53-65. [https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400002]
• Steinmetz, J. and Mussweiler, T.(2011), “Breaking the ice: How physical warmth shapes social comparison consequences,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), pp.1025-1028. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.022]
• Steinmetz, J. and Posten, A. C.(2017), “Physical temperature affects response behavior,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70(May), pp.294-300. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.12.001]
• Sternberg, R. J.(1986), “A triangular theory of love,” Psychological Review, 93(2), pp.119-135. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.119]
• Stokburger-Sauer, N., Ratneshwar, S., and Sen, S. (2012), “Drivers of consumer-brand identification,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(4), pp.406-418. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.06.001]
• Szymkow, A., Chandler, J., IJzerman, H., Parzuchowski, M., and Wojciszke, B.(2013), “Warmer hearts, warmer rooms,” Social Psychology 44(2), pp.167-176. [https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000147]
• Tausch, N., Kenworthy, J., and Hewstone, M.(2007), “The confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts revisited: Does content matter?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), pp.542-556. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.542]
• Teas R. K. and Agarwal S.(2000), “The effects of extrinsic product cues on consumers’ perceptions of quality, sacrifice, and value,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), pp.278-290. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282008]
• Thornton, G. R.(1943), “The effect upon judgments of personality traits of varying a single factor in a photograph,” Journal of Social Psychology, 18(1), pp.127-148. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1943.9921704]
• Trope, Y., and Liberman, N.(2003), “Temporal construal,” Psychological Review, 110(3), pp.403-421. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.403]
• Tsai, W. C. and Huang, Y. M.(2002), “Mechanisms linking employee affective delivery and customer behavioral intentions,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), pp.1001-1008. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.1001]
• United Nations(2021), World Happiness Report
• van Acker, B. B., Kerselaers, K., Pantophlet, J., and IJzerman, H.(2016), “Homelike thermoregulation: How physical coldness makes an advertised house a home,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67(November), pp.20-27. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.10.008]
• van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., J. H., J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., ... Willer, R.(2020), “Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response,” Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), pp.460-471. [https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y38m9]
• Vess, M.(2012), “Warm thoughts: Attachment anxiety and sensitivity to temperature cues,” Psychological Science, 23(5), pp.472-474. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611435919]
• Wall, M., Liefeld, J., and Heslop, L.(1991), “Impact of country-of-origin cues on consumer judgments in multi-cue situations: A covariance analysis.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 19(2), pp.105-113. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02726002]
• Wang, Z., Mao, H., Li, Y. J., and Liu, F.(2017), “Smile big or not? Effects of smile intensity on perceptions of warmth and competence,” Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), pp.787-805.
• Wastiels, L., Schifferstein, H. N., Heylighen, A., and Wouters, I.(2012), “Red or rough, what makes materials warmer?” Materials & Design, 42(December), pp.441-449. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.028]
• Waytz, A. and Epley, N.(2012), “Social connection enables dehumanization,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), pp.70-76. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.07.012]
• Willemse, C. J., Heylen, D. K., and van Erp, J. B. (2015), “Warmth in affective mediated interaction: Exploring the effects of physical warmth on interpersonal warmth,” International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), pp.28-34. [https://doi.org/10.1109/ACII.2015.7344547]
• Williams, L. E. and Bargh, J. A.(2008), “Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth,” Science, 322(5901), pp.606-607. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1162548]
• Willis, J. and Todorov, A.(2006), “First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-Ms exposure to a face,” Psychological Science, 17(7), pp.592-598. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x]
• Wojciszke, B. and Abele, A. E.(2008), “The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations,” European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(7), pp.1139-1147. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.549]
• World Health Organization.(2020, March 20). World Health Organization coronavirus press briefing. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0, .
• Xu, H., Leung, A., and Yan, R. N.(2013), “It is nice to be important, but it is more important to be nice: country-of-origin’s perceived warmth in product failures,” Journal of Consumer Behavior, 12(4), pp.285-292. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1419]
• Xue, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., and Majeed, S.(2020), “Do brand competence and warmth always influence purchase intention? The moderating role of gender,” Frontiers in Psychology, 11 (February), p.248. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00248]
• Yang, J.(2019), “The effect of social warmth on green consumption,” American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 9(3), pp.482-490. [https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2019.93032]
• Ybarra, O. and Stephan, W. G.(1999), “Attributional orientations and the prediction of behavior: The attribution-prediction bias,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), pp.718-727. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.718]
• Ybarra, O., Chan, E., and Park, D.(2001), “Young and old adults’ concerns about morality and competence,” Motivation & Emotion, 25(2), pp.85-100. [https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010633908298]
• Zhang, Y. and Risen, J. L.(2014), “Embodied motivation: Using a goal systems framework to understand the preference for social and physical warmth,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(6), pp.965-977. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038153]
• Zhang, Y., Lin, C., and Yang, J.(2019), “Time or money? The influence of warm and competent appeals on donation intentions,” Sustainability, 11(22), pp.6228-6245. [https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226228]
• Zhong, C.-B. and Leonardelli, G. J.(2008), “Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold?” Psychological Science, 19(9), pp.838-842.  [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02165.x]
• Zwebner, Y., Lee, L., and Goldenberg, J.(2014), “The temperature premium: Warm temperatures increase product valuation,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(2), pp.251-259. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.11.003]