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Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 50, No. 6, pp.1711-1732
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2021
Received 21 Jun 2021 Revised 03 Sep 2021 Accepted 23 Sep 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2021.50.6.1711

2단계 군집분석을 활용한 국내 서비스 기업의 혁신활동유형 분석

In-Kyu Kang ; Jae Yun Kim
(First Author) Korea Institute for Industrial Research inkyu_kang@naver.com
(Corresponding Author) Chonnam National University, Department of Business Administration jaeyun@jnu.ac.kr
2-step Clustering for Innovative Activities in Korean Service Enterprises


Copyright 2011 THE KOREAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

We classified the types of innovative activities of Korean service enterprises with a two-stage clustering method using the Ward and K-means methods, and analyzed the characteristics of each type. The innovation types of Korean service companies were classified into three types: internal concentration, market concentration, and opportunity exploration. The proportion of service enterprises according to the three types of innovation was 65.9%, 17.2% and 16.8% in 2014, 7.3%, 21.3% and 71.4% in 2016, and 19.8%, 18.3% and 61.9% in 2018. The proportion of internal concentration decreased, the proportion of market concentration remained, and the proportion of opportunity exploration increased. In addition, we analyzed the characteristics of each type of innovation activity in three aspects: input, process and outcome. Korean service enterprises were found to invest the most in internal R&D, while market concentration and opportunity exploration types were analyzed to carry out similar types of innovative activities. The type of innovation that adopted the most process innovation techniques was opportunity exploration, and the number of patent applications, opportunity exploration companies performed the most actively, but were not statistically significant. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for in-depth research into innovative activities of service enterprises.

Keywords:

2-step clustering, service enterprises, innovation, K-means, Ward

Acknowledgments

This study is a summary of a part of the first author’s doctoral thesis.

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∙ The author In-Kyu Kang is chief researcher of the Korea Institute for Industrial Research. He received his Master and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Business Administration, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. His research interests include clustering analysis, efficiency evaluation, and analysis of innovation performance.

∙ The author Jae Yun Kim is professor of Operations Management and Analytics at the Department of Business Administration, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. He received his Ph.D. from Chonam National University. His research interests include clustering analysis, efficiency evaluation, design and management of operations systems and solution of combinatorial optimization problem.