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Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 45, No. 5, pp.1587-1622
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Oct 2016
Received 20 Jul 2015 Revised 17 May 2016 Accepted 02 Jun 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2016.45.5.1587

조직의 IT 능력과 IT 지원 그리고 성과의 관계: 환경 역동성과 경영진 지원의 조절효과

김근아* ; 김상현**
*(주저자) 경북대학교 경영학부 박사 applenana@knu.ac.kr
**(교신저자) 경북대학교 경영학부 부교수 ksh@knu.ac.kr
The Relationship between Organizational IT Capability, and IT Support and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Environmental Dynamics and Management Support
Geuna Kim* ; Sanghyun Kim**
*Doctoral Candidate, School of Business Administration, Kyungbook National University, First Author
**Associate Professor, School of Business Administration, Kyungbook National University, Corresponding Author

초록

정보시스템 분야에서의 비즈니스 성과에 대한 IT의 기여도는 두 가지 관점에서 연구되어 왔다. 시장 지배력의 확대를 강조하는 전략적 포지셔닝 관점과 기업의 고유한 자원 개념화에 대한 자원기반 관점이다. 두 가지 관점 모두 IT와 기업 가치 간의 관계에 대한 이론적 기반을 제공하지만 IS 문헌 내에서는 서로 독립적으로 발전해 왔다. 하지만 일부 연구자들은 이들 관점이 서로 반대되는 것이 아니라 보완적이라고 주장하였다. 본 연구는 IT 비즈니스 가치 창출 방법에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 두 가지 관점 사이의 상호보완을 통한 기업 성과에 대한 IT의 역할을 이해하고 개선하는데 있다. 더 정확하게 말하자면, 연구모델은 구체적인 IT 능력과 전략에 대한 IT 지원, 그리고 기업역량에 대한 IT 지원의 효과를 요약하여 보여준다. 본 연구는 IT 능력에는 기술 및 관리 능력으로 정의 하였고, 경쟁전략 IT 지원에는 혁신 차별화와 마케팅 차별화, 그리고 낮은 비용에 대한 IT 지원을 하위요소로 설정하였으며, 기업역량 IT 지원에는 조직 역량과 마케팅 역량, 그리고 기술 역량을 위한 IT 지원을 하위요소로 두었다. 기업 성과는 정량적 및 정성적 성과로 세분화하여 측정하고자 한다. 또한, 보다 확장된 연구모델을 개발하기 위해 환경 역동성과 경영진 지원의 조절효과도 살펴보고자 한다. 제안한 연구모델을 검정하기 위해, 본 연구의 목적에 적합한 169개의 기업을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 PLS 접근방법에 따라 분석하였다. 분석결과, IT 능력은 경쟁전략 IT 지원과 기업역량 IT 지원에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경쟁전략 IT 지원과 기업역량 IT 지원, 그리고 기업 성과 간의 관계에도 긍정적인 영향이 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 기업역량 IT 지원의 경쟁전략 IT 지원에 대한 영향은 존재하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 조절효과에서는 환경 역동성은 IT 능력과 경쟁전략 IT 지원 사이 그리고 IT 능력과 기업역량 IT 지원 사이의 관계를 강화시키는 반면, 경영진 지원은 경쟁전략 IT 지원과 기업 성과 간의 관계는 유의하게 조절하지만 기업역량 IT 지원과 기업 성과 사이에서는 그 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. IT에 대한 의존도가 높은 기업들을 대상으로 설문을 실시한 본 연구의 결과는 기업이 사실상 성과를 개선하기 위해서는 내·외부 간의 비즈니스와 IT 간의 연계가 필요하다는 것을 제안한다. 이는 이론적으로는 IT 비즈니스 가치와 관련된 연구에 또 다른 맥락에서의 실증적 증거를 보여주는 시사점이 있으며, 실무적으로는 기업의 비즈니스 및 IT의 구체화된 통찰력을 제공하여 기업 의사결정에 좋은 가이드라인이 될 수 있는 공헌점이 있다.

Abstract

Business achievements in information systems have been examined in distinct areas - strategic positioning view and resource-based view. Although the two points of view provide a theoretical foundation for relationships between IT and firm value, they have experienced independent development within IS literature. However, some researchers argued that these points of view complement each other instead of contradicting each other. Thus, we examine a method of creating business value of IT. The main purpose of this study is to understand and improve the role of IT in achievements of business through mutual supplementation between the two points of views. The proposed research model shows the effects of IT Capability, IT Support for Strategy and IT Support for Firm Assets on firm performance. We suggest Technical Capability and Managerial Capability included in IT Capability and consider IT Support for Innovative Differentiation, IT Support for Marketing Differentiation and IT Support for Low Cost as second-order factors included in IT Support for Strategy and IT Support for Organizational Competencies, IT Support for Marketing Competencies and IT Support for Technological Competencies as second-order factors included in IT Support for Firm Assets. Firm Performance is measured with both quantitative and qualitative Performance. In addition, the moderating effects of Environmental Dynamism and Management Support are examined for the purpose of developing more expanded research models.

To test the proposed research model, we analyzed a total of responses from firms with Partial Least Square, using SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that IT Capability had a statistically significant effect on IT Support for Strategy and IT Support for Firm Assets. It was identified that there exists positive effects among IT Support for Strategy, IT Support for Firm Assets and Firm Performance. However, it was found that IT Support for Firm Assets had no significant effect on IT Support for Strategy. In addition, it was indicated that Environmental Dynamism strengthened relationships between IT Capability and IT Support for Strategy and that between IT Capability and IT Support for Firm Assets in which was indicated moderating effects. On the other hand, Management Support significantly moderated relationships between IT Support for Strategy and Firm Performance, but it indicated not to have effect on relationship between IT Support for Firm Assets and Firm Performance.

The result of our study by conducting a survey on firms with a high level of dependence on IT suggests that firms need to connect internal and external business to IT in order to improve actual achievements. We suggest theoretical implications showing empirical evidence in a different context with regard to theoretical research related to the Business Value of IT. We also propose that a practical contribution provides positive guidelines to help firms make decisions by practically offering concrete insights to corporate business and IT.

Keywords:

IT Capability, IT Support for Strategy, IT Support for Firm Assets, Environmental Dynamism, Management Support, Firm Performance

키워드:

경쟁전략, 자원기반 관점, IT 능력, IT 지원, 환경 역동성, 경영진 지원, 기업 성과

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• 저자 김근아는 경북대학교 대학원 경영학부에서 경영정보시스템으로 석사 및 박사 학위를 취득하였다. 주요연구분야는 IT Strategy, Performance Measurement in IT, Organizational Agility, Technostress 등이다.

• 저자 김상현은 현재 경북대학교 경영학부 경영정보 전공 부교수로 재직 중이다. 미국 Washington State University, Pullman에서 호텔경영 및 경영학학사와 MBA 학위를 받았으며, University of Mississippi, Oxford에서 경영정보학 전공으로 경영학 박사학위를 취득하였다. Communications of the ACM, DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, Information & Management, Information Systems Frontiers, International Journal of Information Management 등에 논문을 발표하였다. 주요연구분야는 IT Adoption, RFID, OSS, Cloud Computing, Information Security Management 등이다.