일과 삶의 균형(Work-Life Balance)이 직무 성과와 혁신 행동에 미치는 영향: 직무 만족과 생활 만족 간 긍정적 교호작용효과(Positive Reciprocal Effect)를 중심으로
초록
본 연구는 최근 삶의 질, 웰빙 열풍과 더불어 그 중요성이 더욱 부가되고 있는 일과 삶의 균형(Work-Life Balance)이 구성원의 직무 성과와 혁신 행동에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보고자 한다. 최근 일과 삶의 균형은 조직 고성과 달성을 위한 패러다임으로 다루어지고 있으며 조직 생활만큼 조직 생활 이외의 삶(non-work life)을 중시하는 현대 조직인에게 반드시 필요한 요소로 간주되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 일과 삶의 균형이 실제로 조직 효과성(구성원의 직무 성과와 혁신 행동)에 미치는 긍정적 영향력을 살펴봄과 동시에 일과 삶의 균형이 직무 성과와 혁신 행동에 영향력을 행사하는 과정에서 직무 만족과 생활 만족이 매개역할을 한다고 주장한다. 일과 삶의 균형이 말 그대로 일은 물론 생활의 질적 만족을 도모함으로써 조직 효과성을 높일 수 있다는 것이다. 한 발 더 나아가 본 연구에서는 매개역할을 하는 직무 만족과 생활 만족 간에 긍정적 교호작용효과(positive reciprocal effect)가 존재함을 강조한다. 연구 결과, 가설에서 설정한대로 일과 삶의 균형은 직무 성과와 혁신 행동에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향력을 행사하였으며 이러한 관계는 직무 만족 및 생활 만족에 의해 완전 매개되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 직무 및 생활 만족 간에는 정(+)적 교호성이 존재하는 것으로 밝혀져 직무 만족만큼 생활에 대한 만족 역시 조직 내에서 중요하게 다루어져야 한다는 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 연구 결과에 대한 실무적, 이론적 함의점에 대해 심도있게 논의한다.
Abstract
Work-life balance has been received research attention as a key factor affecting employees’ well-being as well as organizational effectiveness. Work-life balance is essential elements to employees who appreciate the life value as well as work value. This study explores the impact of work-life balance on job performance and innovative behavior. We postulate that work-life balance results in organizational effectiveness such as job performance and innovative behavior by promoting life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Especially, we pay attention to the reciprocal effect of job satisfaction and life satisfaction on job performance and innovative behavior. We developed hypotheses and test with the sample of 10,000 employees collected from various industries and firms. Results supported the hypotheses. Work-life balance generates job performance and innovative behavior. The effect was completely mediated by life satisfaction and work satisfaction. There also exists a positive reciprocal effect between life satisfaction and work satisfaction. The reciprocal effect suggests that scholars should take into account life satisfaction as well as work satisfaction to understand employees’ organizational behavioral contributions. We discussed the implications of these findings in more detail.
Keywords:
work-life balance (WLB), job satisfaction, life satisfaction, job performance, innovative behavior키워드:
일과 삶의 균형, 직무 만족, 생활 만족, 직무 성과, 혁신 행동Acknowledgments
이 논문은 2015년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2015S1A5A2A01009248).
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• 저자 정예지는 현재 이화여자대학교 인문과학대학 인문과학부 인문경영전공 특임교수로 재직 중이다. 이화여자대학교 소비자인간발달학과를 졸업하였으며, 동 대학원 경영학과에서 인사조직 전공 경영학 석사 및 박사 학위를 취득하였다. 주요 연구 분야는 진성 리더십, 팀 수준 동적역량, 조직정치지각과 조직 아노미 등이다.
• 저자 윤정구는 이화여자대학교 경영대학의 인사조직전략 담당교수이다.
• 저자 김세은은 현재 한국생산성본부 맞춤형교육개발팀장으로 재직 중이다. 이화여자대학교 교육공학과를 졸업하고, 동대학원 교육공학과 석사 취득, 교육공학과 박사과정을 수료하였다.