직급별 감사시간이 감사품질 및 감사보수에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 2014년 5월 ｢주식회사의 외부감사에 관한 법률｣의 개정으로 감사보고서에 새롭게 공시된 직급별 감사시간을 이용하여, 감사시간이 감사품질 및 감사보수에 미치는 영향이 감사인의 각 직급별로 차이가 있는지에 대해 분석하였다. 구체적으로 감사인의 직급은 감사보고서에 공시된 것과 같이 품질관리검토자(심리실 등), 담당이사(업무수행이사), 등록공인회계사, 수습공인회계사, 전산감사·세무·가치평가 등 전문가의 총 5개 직급으로 구분하였다. 또한 본 연구는 감사인의 규모(Big4 여부)에 따라 직급별 감사시간이 감사품질 및 감사보수에 미치는 차별적 영향이 달라지는지에 대해서도 분석하였다. 감사품질의 대용치로서는 재량적 발생액을 이용하였으며, 감사보수는 감사보수의 자연로그값과 비정상감사보수를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 표본대상은 2014년도 말 현재 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 기업이고, 표본기간은 직급별 감사시간이 공시된 2014년도이며, 최종표본은 1,291개 기업/연도이다.

본 연구의 주요 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감사시간이 감사품질에 미치는 영향은 직급별로 차이가 있었다. 직급별 감사시간 중에서 품질관리검토자(심리실 등)의 감사시간과 등록공인회계사의 감사시간만이 유의적으로 재량적 발생액을 감소시켜서 감사품질을 제고하였다. 그리고 모든 직급별 감사시간은 감사보수를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직급별 감사시간이 감사품질에 미치는 차별적인 영향은 주로 Big4의 경우와 기말감사인 경우에 나타났다. 총 감사시간의 경우에 품질관리검토자(심리실 등)와 등록공인회계사의 총 감사시간이 재량적 발생액을 감소시키는 영향은 Non-Big4에서는 나타나지 않았고, Big4에서만 나타났다. 특히 기말 감사시간의 경우에 Big4는 품질관리검토자(심리실 등)와 등록공인회계사뿐만 아니라 담당이사(업무수행이사)와 수습공인회계사의 기말 감사시간도 재량적 발생액을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났지만, Non-Big4는 비유의적이었다. 그리고 직급별 감사시간은 대부분 감사보수의 자연로그값을 증가시켰으며, 이는 Big4와 Non-Big4 간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 하지만 품질관리검토자(심리실 등)의 감사시간과 담당이사(업무수행이사), 수습공인회계사의 기말 감사시간은 Big4의 경우에만 비정상감사보수로 보상받고 있었다.

본 연구는 2014년 ｢주식회사의 외부감사에 관한 법률｣의 개정으로 공시된 직급별 감사시간에 따라 감사품질과 감사보수가 차별적으로 달라진다는 것을 보여줌으로써 주주 및 채권자, 감사인, 감독당국에게 감사품질을 평가할 때 고려해야 할 새로운 평가요소를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구에서 품질관리검토자(심리실 등)의 감사시간이 감사품질을 제고한다는 분석결과는 회계법인 품질관리제도의 중요성을 강조하는 금융감독원의 감리결과 조치양정기준 개정안이 올바른 방향의 제도 개선안이 되고 있음을 확인할 수 있는 결과이다.

This study used a position-specific audit hours published a new audit report to the amendment of the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies of May in 2014, affected the audit hours on audit quality and audit fees were analyzed as to whether the difference between each the position of the auditors. Specifically, the auditor position was divided into a total five positions of the quality control reviewer, as disclosed in the audit report (hearing room, etc.), Director (Business management director), registered certified public accountant, probation certified public accountant, and computerized audit, tax, valuation, etc experts. In addition, this study also analyzed whether the audit hours per auditor position depending on the size (Big4 or not) of the auditors varies is discriminatory impact on audit quality and audit fees, the quality of the audit were used as a substitute values discretionary accruals.

Sample The subjects of this study is a listed company in 2014 the end of the current KOSPI and KOSDAQ, the sample period of year 2014 audited by time position this disclosure, the final sample is 1,291 companies / year.

The main empirical results of the study are as follows. First, there was a relationship between the audit hours and the audit quality is positive. The total audit hours, the quarter/half interim review hours and the year-end audit hours reduces discretionary accruals significantly and increased audit fees. Second, the effect of the audit hours on audit quality was different by the positions of the auditors. The quality control reviewer (hearing room, etc.) audit hours and the registered certified public accountant audit hours only by significantly reduce the discretionary accruals were improving audit quality. And every position-specific audit hours was found to increase audit fees. Third, the discriminatory impact on audit quality the positions by the audit hours were mainly in the case of the Big4 auditors and the year-end audit. The total audit hours of the quality control reviewer (hearing room, etc.) and the registered certified public accountant are affected to reduce the discretionary accruals did not appear in the Non-Big4 auditors, appeared only the Big4 auditors. In particular the year-end audit hours of the quality control reviewer (hearing room, etc.), the registered Certified Public Accountant as well as the director (Business management directors), the probation a certified public accountant were reduce the discretionary accruals in case of the Big4 auditors. However, the Non-Big4 auditors were not significant. And the position-specific audit hours were increased the most natural logarithm of audit fees, which were not significantly difference between the Big4 and Non-Big4 auditors. But the audit hours of the quality control reviewer (hearing room, etc.) and the year-end audit hours of the director (Business management directors), the probation a certified public accountant had been rewarded with abnormal audit fees only if the Big4 auditors.

This study is a distinctive and previous studies in the following ways. First, in previous studies (Son, Seong-Gyu et al., 2006; Ryu, Seung-Woo et al., 2015) of the position per audit hours but analysis of the impact on audit quality by using internal auditing hours data of the specific audit firms belonging to the Big4, this study is the full sovereignty listing By analyzing data using the corporate results raised the possibility of generalization. Second, the prior studies were not able to analyze the differences in size a Audit firms because they use data obtained from the audit hours Big4 auditors, empirical analysis for this study was whether or not depending on the size of the auditors. Third, although previous studies have only investigated by the total audit hours, this study analyzed separately the total audit hours to quarter/half interim review hours and year-end audit hours. Fourth, previous research studies have seen, on the other hand, using only the audit hours data were analyzed add the impact of the number of communications with the auditor and governance put audit quality.

This study audit quality varies differently according to the position per audit hours each published a revision of the 2014 the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies shareholders and creditors by showing that, Auditors, when assessing audit quality to the supervisory authorities provided a new assessment factors to consider It is significant in that.

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