Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 47, No. 5, pp.1111-1137
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Oct 2018
Received 24 Jul 2018 Accepted 24 Aug 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2018.47.5.1111

아이디어 연상기억 탐색 (SIAM) 모형에 기반한 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성 측정을 위한 뉴로과학 관점의 탐색연구: 근적외선 분광학 (fNIRS) 방법을 중심으로

류재관* ; 이건창**
*(주저자) 성균관대학교 경영대학 석사과정 ryujae92@skku.edu
**(교신저자) 성균관대학교 경영대학/SAHIST 교수 kunchanglee@gmail.com
Neuroscience-based Exploratory Approach to Measuring the Business Problem-solving Creativity from the Perspective of SIAM(Search for Ideas Associative Memory) Model: Emphasis on fNIRS(functional near-infrared spectroscopy) Method
Jae Kwan Ryu* ; Kun Chang Lee**
*Master Student, SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, First Author ryujae92@skku.edu
**Professor, SKK Business School/SAIHST(Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, Corresponding Author kunchanglee@gmail.com

초록

본 연구에서는 의사결정자가 긍정 감정과 부정 감정을 가질 때에 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성인 BPSC(Business Problem-Solving Creativity)가 어떻게 달라지는지를 뉴로과학 관점에서 분석하고자 한다. 뉴로과학 연구결과에 의하면 전두엽의 혈역학적 차이에 따라 창의성이 달라지는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 사용자의 BPSC에 초점을 맞추어서 전두엽의 혈역학 분석결과를 뉴로과학 관점으로 분석한 연구는 드물다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 근적외선 분광학(fNIRS: functional near-infrared spectroscopy) 방법에 기반한 뉴로과학 실험분석 결과를 제시한다. BPSC를 측정하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 긍정감정과 부정감정을 음악으로 유도하고, 그에 따라 사용자들이 비즈니스 문제해결 과제를 얼마나 창의적으로 해결하는지를 측정하였다. 정교한 실험결과를 얻기 위하여 아이디어 연상기억 탐색(SIAM: Search for Ideas Associative Memory) 모델에 기반하여 근(近) 자극과 원(遠) 자극을 주어서 자극별로 BPSC에 어느정도의 차이가 있는지를 fNIRS 장치로 측정하였다. 28명의 피실험자를 대상으로 실험한 결과 긍정감정, 부정감정에 따라 BPSC에 유의미한 차이가 발생하는 것이 확인되었고 아울러, 근 자극과 원 자극에 따라 BPSC의 수준차이가 발생하고 아울러 전두엽에서 혈역학적 차이가 뚜렷하게 발생하는 것이 확인되었다. 그리고 두뇌의 브로드만 영역별 혈역학적 활성화 정도를 분석한 결과 긍정감정, 부정감정, 그리고 근 자극 및 원 자극에 따라 피실험자의 전두엽내 브로드만 9번, 10번, 45번, 46번 영역의 혈역학적 변화량이 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 보였다.

Abstract

This study aims to propose a novel method of measuring the BPSC (Business Problem-Solving Creativity) from the neuroscience perspective of fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy). Neuroscience literature shows that there exist very few studies on the BPSC itself which is known to specifically activate frontal cortex areas of human brain. From the view of this, we know that it is necessary to use a specific neuroscience approach focusing on the analysis of blood hemodynamic changes in the frontal cortex areas. To fill the research void like this, this study adopts fNIRS method to measure the changes of blood hemodynamic level occurring in the frontal cortex areas when users are solving the business problem-solving tasks. To enhance rigor, the experiment settings are designed to include (1) positive-negative emotion induction by music, (2) near-stimuli, far-stimuli based on SIAM (Search for Ideas Associative Memory) model, and (3) business problem-solving method by using cognitive map. Experimental results obtained from 28 qualified participants reveal that (1) the BPSC level changes signifcantly with positive and negative emotion, and (2) statistically significant activations are found in Brodmann 9, 10, 45, 46 areas in the frontal cortex, depending on the near-stimuli and far-stimuli.

Keywords:

Neuroscience, functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS), Business problem-solving creativity, Search for Ideas Associative Memory (SIAM) model, positive emotion, negative emotion

키워드:

뉴로과학, 근적외선 분광학, 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성, 아이디어 연상기억 탐색, 긍정감정, 부정감정

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (No. 2017R1A2B4010956).

References

  • 최도영·이건창(2016), “불확실성을 수반한 경영의사결정 시 긍정-부정감성이 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성에 미치는 효과에 관한 뉴로사이언스 기반의 실증 연구,” 경영학연구, 45(4), 1147-1172.
  • Adaman, J. E., and Blaney, P. H.(1995), “The Effects of Musical Mood Induction on Creativity,” The Journal of Creative Behavior, 29(2), 95-108. [https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1995.tb00739.x]
  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., and Viscusi, D. (1981), “Induced Mood and the Illusion of Control,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(6), 1129-1140. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1129]
  • Althuizen, N., and Reichel, A.(2016), “The Effects of IT-enabled Cognitive Stimulation Tools on Creative Problem Solving: A Dual Pathway to Creativity,” Journal of Management Information Systems, 33(1), 11-44. [https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1172439]
  • Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., and Staw, B. M.(2005), “Affect and Creativity at Work,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 367-403. [https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367]
  • Ambrosini, V., and Bowman, C.(2002), “Mapping Successful Organizational Routines,” Mapping Strategic Knowledge, 19-45. [https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446220443.n2]
  • Anderson, S. W., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., and Damasio, A. R.(1999), “Impairment of Social and Moral Behavior Related to Early Damage in Human Prefrontal Cortex,” Nature Neuroscience, 2(11), 1032-1037. [https://doi.org/10.1038/14833]
  • Anderson, N., De Dreu, C. K., and Nijstad, B. A. (2004), “The Routinization of Innovation Research: A Constructively Critical Review of the State-of-the-science,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 147-173. [https://doi.org/10.1002/job.236]
  • Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., and Zhou, J. (2014), “Innovation and Creativity in Organizations a Stateof-the-science Review, Prospective Commentary, and Guiding Framework,” Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297-1333. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128]
  • Andrews, S. C., Hoy, K. E., Enticott, P. G., Daskalakis, Z. J., and Fitzgerald, P. B.(2011), “Improving Working Memory: The Effect of Combining Cognitive Activity and Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,” Brain Stimulation, 4(2), 84-89. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2010.06.004]
  • Ashby, F. G., and Isen, A. M.(1999), “A Neuropsychological Theory of Positive affect and Its Influence on Cognition,” Psychological Review, 106(3), 529-550. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.529]
  • Atwater, L., and Carmeli, A.(2009), “Leader–member Exchange, Feelings of Energy, and Involvement in Creative Work,” The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 264-275. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.07.009]
  • Bandettini, P.(2007), “Functional MRI Today,” International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63(2), 138-145. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.016]
  • Baddeley, A. D., and Hitch, G.(1974), “Working Memory,” In Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 8, 47-89. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1]
  • Basadur, M. I. N., Runco, M. A., and Vegaxy, L. A.(2000), “Understanding how Creative Thinking Skills, Attitudes and Behaviors Work Together: A Causal Process Model,” The Journal of Creative Behavior, 34(2), 77-100 [https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2000.tb01203.x]
  • Bass, D. M., Judge, K. S., Snow, A. L., Wilson, N. L., Looman, W. J., McCarthy, C., Morgan, R., Odjidja, C. A., and Kunik, M. E.(2012), “Negative Caregiving Effects among Caregivers of Veterans with Dementia,” The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), 239-247.. [https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31824108ca]
  • Brodmann, K.(1909), Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Barth.
  • Buckner, R. L.(1996), “Beyond HERA: Contributions of Specific Prefrontal Brain Areas to Long-term Memory Retrieval,” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(2), 149-158. [https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212413]
  • Çakır, M. P., Çakar, T., Girişken, Y., and Demircioğlu, A. K.(2016), “Neural Correlates of Purchasing Decisions in an Ecologically Plausible Shopping Scenario with Mobile fNIR Technology,” In International Conference on Augmented Cognition, 135-146. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39955-3_13]
  • Cazzell, M., Li, L., Lin, Z. J., Patel, S. J., and Liu, H.(2012), “Comparison of Neural Correlates of Risk Decision Making between Genders: An Exploratory fNIRS Study of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART),” Neuroimage, 62(3), 1896-1911. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.030]
  • Chan, J., and Schunn, C. D.(2015), “The Importance of Iteration in Creative Conceptual Combination,” Cognition, 145, 104-115. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.08.008]
  • Chan, J., Siangliulue, P., Qori McDonald, D., Liu, R., Moradinezhad, R., Aman, S., Solovey, E. T., Gajos, K. Z., and Dow, S. P.(2017), “Semantically Far Inspirations Considered Harmful?: Accounting for Cognitive States in Collaborative Ideation,” In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, 93-105. [https://doi.org/10.1145/3059454.3059455]
  • Chen, A. S. Y., and Hou, Y. H.(2016), “The Effects of Ethical Leadership, Voice behavior and Climates for Innovation on Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Examination,” The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 1-13. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007]
  • Chen, M. H.(2006), “Understanding the Benefits and Detriments of Conflict on Team Creativity Process,” Creativity and Innovation Management, 15(1), 105-116. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2006.00373.x]
  • Chevrier, A. D., Noseworthy, M. D., and Schachar, R.(2007) “Dissociation of Response Inhibition and Performance Monitoring in the Stop Signal Task Using Event-related fMRI,” Human Brain mapping, 28(12), 1347-1358. [https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20355]
  • Cieslik, E. C., Zilles, K., Caspers, S., Roski, C., Kellermann, T. S., Jakobs, O., Langner, R., Laird, A. R., Tox. P. T., and Eickhoff, S. B.(2012), “Is there “one” DLPFC in Cognitive Action Control? Evidence for Heterogeneity from co-activation-based Parcellation,” Cerebral Cortex, 23(11), 2677-2689. [https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs256]
  • Clapham, M. M.(2001), “The Effects of Affect Manipulation and Information Exposure on Divergent Thinking,” Creativity Research Journal, 13(3-4), 335-350. [https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1334_11]
  • Courtney, S. M.(2004), “Attention and Cognitive Control as Emergent Properties of Information Representation in Working Memory,” Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4(4), 501-516. [https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.4.4.501]
  • Croxson, P. L., Walton, M. E., O'Reilly, J. X., Behrens, T. E., and Rushworth, M. F.(2009). “Effort-based cost–benefit valuation and the human brain. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(14), 4531-4541. [https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4515-08.2009]
  • Davis, M. A.(2009), “Understanding the Relationship between Mood and Creativity: A Meta-analysis,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 25-38. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.04.001]
  • Dimoka, A., Pavlou, P. A., and Davis, F. D.(2011), “Research Commentary—NeuroIS: The Potential of Cognitive Neuroscience for Information Systems Research,” Information Systems Research, 22(4), 687-702. [https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1100.0284]
  • Duncan, J., and Owen, A. M.(2000), “Common Regions of the Human Frontal Lobe Recruited by Diverse Cognitive Demands,” Trends in Neurosciences, 23(10), 475-483. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01633-7]
  • Eden, C.(1988), “Cognitive Mapping,” European Journal of Operational Research, 36(1), 1-13. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1]
  • Eerola, T., and Vuoskoski, J. K.(2011), “A Comparison of the Discrete and Dimensional Models of Emotion in Music,” Psychology of Music, 39(1), 18-49. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610362821]
  • Ernst, M., and Paulus, M. P.(2005), “Neurobiology of Decision Making: A Selective Review from a Neurocognitive and Clinical Perspective,” Biological Psychiatry, 58(8), 597-604. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.004]
  • Ferrari, M., and Quaresima, V.(2012), “A Brief Review on the History of Human functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) Development and Fields of Application,” Neuroimage, 63(2), 921-935. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049]
  • Finke, R. A., Ward, T. B., and Smith, S. M.(1992), Creative Cognition: Theory, Research, and Applications, 238-247.
  • Fiol, C. M., and Huff, A. S.(1992), “Maps for Managers: Where are We? Where do We go from Here?,” Journal of Management Studies, 29(3), 267-285. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00665.x]
  • Fredrickson, B. L., and Joiner, T.(2002), “Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-being,” Psychological Science, 13(2), 172-175. [https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431]
  • Furnham, A., and Bachtiar, V.(2008), “Personality and Intelligence as Predictors of Creativity,” Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 613-617. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.06.023]
  • Gabrieli, J. D., Poldrack, R. A., and Desmond, J. E.(1998), “The Role of Left Prefrontal Cortex in Language and Memory,” Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 95(3), 906-913. [https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.906]
  • Gasper, K.(2003), “When Necessity is the Mother of Invention: Mood and Problem Solving,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(3), 248-262. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00023-4]
  • George, J. M., and Zhou, J.(2002). “Understanding When Bad Moods Foster Creativity and good Ones Don't: The Role of Context and Clarity of Feelings,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 687-697. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687]
  • Gilbert, S. J., Spengler, S., Simons, J. S., Steele, J. D., Lawrie, S. M., Frith, C. D., and Burgess, P. W.(2006), “Functional Specialization within Rostral Prefrontal Cortex (area 10): A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(6), 932-948. [https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.932]
  • Goel, V., Gold, B., Kapur, S., and Houle, S.(1997), “The Seats of Reason? An Imaging Study of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning,” Neuro Report, 8(5), 1305-1310. [https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199703240-00049]
  • Goldberg, L. R.(1990), “An Alternative “Description of Personality”: The Big-five Factor Structure,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216-1229. [https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216]
  • Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., and Cohen, J. D.(2001), “An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in Moral Judgment,” Science, 293(5537), 2105-2108. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062872]
  • Holper, L., Wolf, M., and Tobler, P. N.(2014), “Comparison of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Electrodermal Activity in Assessing Objective Versus Subjective Risk During Risky Financial Decisions,” Neuro Image, 84, 833-842. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.047]
  • Huntsinger, J. R., and Ray, C.(2016), “A Flexible Influence of Affective Feelings on Creative and Analytic Performance,” Emotion, 16(6), 826-837. [https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000188]
  • Isen, A. M., and Means, B.(1983), “The Influence of Positive affect on Decision-making Strategy,” Social Cognition, 2(1), 18-31. [https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1983.2.1.18]
  • Isen, A. M., and Patrick, R.(1983), “The Effect of Positive Feelings on Risk Taking: When the Chips are Down,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 31(2), 194-202. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(83)90120-4]
  • Isen, A. M. (2001), “An Influence of Positive affect on Decision Making in Complex Situations: Theoretical Issues with Practical Implications,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11(2), 75-85. [https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1102_01]
  • Kerestes, R., Ladouceur, C. D., Meda, S., Nathan, P. J., Blumberg, H. P., Maloney, K., Ruf, B., Saricicek, A., Pearlson, G. D., Bhagwagar, Z., and Phillips, M. L.(2012), “Abnormal Prefrontal Activity Subserving Attentional Control of Emotion in Remitted Depressed Patients During a Working Memory Task with Emotional Distracters,” Psychological Medicine, 42(1), 29-40. [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001097]
  • Knowlton, B. J., Morrison, R. G., Hummel, J. E., and Holyoak, K. J.(2012), “A Neurocomputational System for Relational Reasoning,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(7), 373-381. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.002]
  • Kocsis, L., Herman, P., and Eke, A.(2006), “The Modified Beer–Lambert Law Revisited,” Physics in Medicine & Biology, 51(5), 91-98. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/5/N02]
  • Koechlin, E., Ody, C., and Kouneiher, F.(2003), “The Architecture of Cognitive Control in the Human Prefrontal Cortex,” Science, 302(5648), 1181-1185. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1088545]
  • Koechlin, E., and Hyafil, A.(2007), “Anterior Prefrontal Function and the Limits of Human Decision-making,” Science, 318(5850), 594-598. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1142995]
  • Leung, A. K. Y., Liou, S., Qiu, L., Kwan, L. Y. Y., Chiu, C. Y., and Yong, J. C.(2014), “The Role of Instrumental Emotion Regulation in the Emotions–creativity Link: How Worries Render Individuals with High Neuroticism More Creative,” Emotion, 14(5), 846-856. [https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036965]
  • Levy, B. J., and Wagner, A. D.(2011), “Cognitive Control and Right Ventrolateral Pprefrontal Cortex: Reflexive Reorienting, Motor Inhibition, and Action Updating,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1224(1), 40-62. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05958.x]
  • Lloyd-Fox, S., Blasi, A., and Elwell, C. E.(2010). “Illuminating the Developing Brain: The Past, Present and Future of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(3), 269-284. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.008]
  • Longe, O., Maratos, F. A., Gilbert, P., Evans, G., Volker, F., Rockliff, H., and Rippon, G. (2010), “Having a Word with Yourself: Neural Correlates of Self-criticism and Self-reassurance,” NeuroImage, 49(2), 1849-1856. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.019]
  • Lopez-Cabrales, A., Pérez-Luño, A., and Cabrera, R. V.(2009), “Knowledge as a Mediator between HRM Practices and Innovative Activity,” Human Resource Management, 48(4), 485-503. [https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20295]
  • Lubart, T. I.(2001), “Models of the Creative Process: Past, Present and Future,” Creativity Research Journal, 13(3-4), 295-308. [https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1334_07]
  • Martz, B., Hughes, J., and Braun, F.(2017), “Creativity and Problem-Solving: Closing The Skills Gap,” Journal of Computer Information Systems, 57(1), 39-48. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1181492]
  • Mehmood, S.(2016), “Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Creativity: Mediating Role of Trust and Moderating Role of Creative Self-efficacy,” Jinnah Business Review, 4(2), 65-74.
  • Mohr, P. N., Biele, G., Krugel, L. K., Li, S. C., and Heekeren, H. R.(2010), “Neural Foundations of Risk–return Trade-off in Investment Decisions,” Neuroimage, 49(3), 2556-2563. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.060]
  • Montag-Smit, T., and Maertz Jr, C. P.(2017), “Searching Outside the Box in Creative Problem Solving: The Role of Creative Thinking Skills and Domain Knowledge,” Journal of Business Research, 81, 1-10. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.07.021]
  • Müller-Wienbergen, F., Müller, O., Seidel, S., and Becker, J.(2011). Leaving the Beaten Tracks in Creative Work-a Design Theory for Systems that Support Convergent and Divergent Thinking. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(11), 714-740. [https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00280]
  • Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Harding, F. D., Jacobs, T. O., and Fleishman, E. A.(2000), “Leadership Skills for a Changing World: Solving Complex Social Problems,” The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), 11-35. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00041-7]
  • Mumford, M. D.(2001), “Something Old, Something New: Revisiting Guilford's Conception of Creative Problem Solving,” Creativity Research Journal, 13(3-4), 267-276. [https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1334_04]
  • Naseer, N., and Hong, K. S.(2015), “fNIRS-based Brain-computer Interfaces: A Review,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9(3), 1-15. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00003]
  • Nelson, D. W., and Sim, E. K.(2014), “Positive affect Facilitates Social Problem Solving,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(10), 635-642. [https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12254]
  • Nijstad, B. A., and Stroebe, W.(2006), “How the Group affects the Mind: A Cognitive Model of Idea Generation in Groups,” Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 186-213. [https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_1]
  • Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K., Rietzschel, E. F., and Baas, M.(2010). “The Dual Pathway to Creativity Model: Creative Ideation as a Function of Flexibility and Persistence,” European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), 34-77. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10463281003765323]
  • Olszak, C. M., Bartuś, T., and Lorek, P.(2018), “A Comprehensive Framework of Information System Design to Provide Organizational Creativity Support,” Information & Management, 55(1), 94-108. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.04.004]
  • Ouerchefani, R., Ouerchefani, N., Allain, P., Rejeb, M. R. B., and Le Gall, D.(2017), “Contribution of Different Regions of the Prefrontal Cortex and Lesion Laterality to Deficit of Decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task,” Brain and Cognition, 111, 73-85. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.06.010]
  • Plichta, M. M., Herrmann, M. J., Baehne, C. G., Ehlis, A. C., Richter, M. M., Pauli, P., and Fallgatter, A. J.(2006), “Event-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): Are the Measurements Reliable?,” Neuroimage, 31(1), 116-124. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.008]
  • Ramnani, N., and Owen, A. M.(2004), “Anterior Prefrontal Cortex: Insights into Function from Anatomy and Neuroimaging,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(3), 184-194. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1343]
  • Rao, H., Korczykowski, M., Pluta, J., Hoang, A., and Detre, J. A.(2008), “Neural Correlates of Voluntary and Involuntary Risk Taking in the Human Brain: An fMRI Study of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART),” Neuroimage, 42(2), 902-910. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.046]
  • Reiter-Palmon, R., and Illies, J. J.(2004), “Leadership and Creativity: Understanding Leadership from a Creative Problem-solving Perspective,” The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 55-77. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.005]
  • Runco, M. A., and Nemiro, J.(1994), “Problem Finding, Creativity, and Giftedness,” Roeper Review, 16(4), 235-241. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199409553588]
  • Runco, M. A., and Jaeger, G. J.(2012), “The Standard Definition of Creativity,” Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92-96. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092]
  • Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., and Oldham, G. R.(2004), “The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where should we go from here?,” Journal of Management, 30(6), 933-958. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007]
  • Simonton, D. K.(2003), “Creative Cultures, Nations, and Civilizations,” Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration, 304-325. [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195147308.003.0014]
  • Thompson-Schill, S. L., D'Esposito, M., and Kan, I. P.(1999), “Effects of Repetition and Competition on Activity in Left Prefrontal Cortex During Word Generation,” Neuron, 23(3), 513-522. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80804-1]
  • Tolman, E. C.(1948), “Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men,” Psychological Review, 55(4), 189-208. [https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061626]
  • Tamir, M., Bigman, Y. E., Rhodes, E., Salerno, J., and Schreier, J.(2015), “An Expectancy-value Model of Emotion Regulation: Implications for Motivation, Emotional Experience, and Decision Making,” Emotion, 15(1), 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000021]
  • Tang, H., Mai, X., Wang, S., Zhu, C., Krueger, F., and Liu, C.(2015), “Interpersonal Brain Synchronization in the Right Temporo-parietal Junction During Face-to-face Economic Exchange,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(1), 23-32. [https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv092]
  • Torrance, E. P.(1972), “Predictive Validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking,” The Journal of Creative Behavior, 6(4), 236-262. [https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1972.tb00936.x]
  • Volmer, J., Spurk, D., and Niessen, C.(2012), “Leader –member Exchange(LMX), Job Autonomy, and Creative Work Involvement,” The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 456-465. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.10.005]
  • Zeng, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Yu, R., and Gong, Q.(2013), “An fMRI Study on Sunk Cost Effect,” Brain Research, 1519, 63-70. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.001]
  • Zhang, J. X., Leung, H. C., and Johnson, M. K. (2003), “Frontal Activations Associated with Accessing and Evaluating Information in Working Memory: An fMRI Study,” Neuroimage, 20(3), 1531-1539. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.016]
  • Zhang, M., Liu, T., Pelowski, M., Jia, H., and Yu, D.(2017), “Social Risky Decision-making Reveals Gender Differences in the TPJ: A Hyperscanning Study Using Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy,” Brain and Cognition, 119, 54-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2017.08.008]
  • Zhang, X., and Bartol, K. M.(2010), “Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement,” Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128. [https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118]
  • Zhou, J., and Shalley, C. E.(2003), “Research on Employee Creativity: A Critical Review and Directions for Future Research,” Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 165-217. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(03)22004-1]

• 저자 류재관은 현재 성균관대학교 경영대학 경영정보전공 석사과정 중이다. 경남대학교 경영대학 경영정보학과를 졸업하였다. 주요 연구분야는 데이터 마이닝, 뉴로 사이언스, 의사결정지원시스템, 뇌-컴퓨터 인터페이스(BCI) 등이다.

• 저자 이건창은 한국과학기술원(KAIST) 경영과학과에서 석사 및 박사를 취득하고 현재 성균관대학교 경영대학과 삼성융합의과학원 (SAIHST)에서 교수로 재직 중이다. 그는 또한 창의성과학연구원(CSRI: Creativity Science Research Institute) 원장으로 활동 하고 있다. 주요 연구분야는 창의성과학, 뉴로과학을 이용한 의사결정분석, 인공지능 기반 의사결정, 상황인지 및 예측 모델링, 그리고 휴먼-로봇 인터랙션(HRI) 등이다.