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Korean Academic Society of Business Administration
[ Article ]
korean management review - Vol. 48, No. 5, pp.1303-1329
ISSN: 1226-1874 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Oct 2019
Received 29 Apr 2019 Accepted 22 Aug 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2019.48.5.1303

핀테크 혁신의 이해를 위한 유형 분류: 가치를 중심으로

최진용* ; 김길선** ; 김미리***
*(주저자) 삼성생명/서강대학교 경영전문대학원 jychoi@sogang.ac.kr
**(공저자) 서강대학교 경영전문대학원 kilsunkim@sogang.ac.kr
***(교신저자) 서강대학교 경영학부 mirikim@sogang.ac.kr
The Typology for Understanding Fintech Innovation: Focusing on Value
Jinyong Choi* ; Kilsun Kim** ; Miri Kim***
*Senior Manager, Samsung Life Insurance / Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate School of Business, Sogang University, First Author
**Professor, Graduate School of Business, Sogang University, Co-Author
***Instructor, Sogang Business School, Corresponding Author

초록

오랜 기간 금융산업은 기술을 기반으로 성장해 왔다. 최근 금융(Finance)과 기술(Technology)의 합성어인 핀테크(Fintech)라는 용어가 각광을 받고 있으며 핀테크 기업의 출현은 금융산업의 변화를 선도하고 있다. 본 연구는 핀테크 기업과 핀테크 기업이 금융시장에 가져온 변화를 이해하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2015년부터 2018년까지 Forbes 50에 선정된 유망 핀테크 기업 93개가 제공하는 서비스를 분석하고 가치를 중심으로 핀테크 기업의 혁신 유형을 분류하였다. 그 결과, 핀테크 기업이 어떠한 가치를 제공하였고 그 가치를 어떻게 제공할 수 있었는지를 중심으로 핀테크 기업의 혁신유형을 4가지로 분류하였다. 또한, 금융업 종사자 18명을 피실험자로 하여 93개 기업이 어느 유형에 속하는지 설문을 받아 분석한 결과 가치와 기능의 변화를 중심으로 제시한 분류프레임의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 이 과정을 통해 우리는 핀테크 기업이 탈집중화와 융복합화를 통해 고객에게 새로운 가치 또는 향상된 가치를 제공하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 핀테크 기업의 출현은 금융산업에 있어 새로운 경쟁자의 출현을 의미하기도 하지만 한편으로는 기존 금융기업과 비금융기업의 성장에 기여하고 있으며 나아가 금융산업 전반에 걸친 시장규모 성장에도 기여하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 혁신유형 분류프레임을 토대로 핀테크 혁신에 대한 학문적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

Abstract

Many IT start-ups and traditional finance firms have been faced with emergence of new technology innovation. We called this “Fintech”, which is combined with Finance and Technology. The purpose of this study is to understand Fintech and changes in financial markets by investigating the typology of Fintech innovation. For this purpose, we analyze 93 Fintech start-ups selected by Forbes. We found four meaningful key areas of fintech innovation focus on the value of the services provided by Fintech start-up. First, from the perspective of value provided, it is possible to distinguish between new value and improved value. And we were able to capture the disintegration and convergence phenomenon centering on the activities of Fintech start-ups within the fintech ecosystem. Using content analysis about descriptions of 93 firms, we empirically examined the concept validity of the framework suggested in this paper based on judgement by 18 experts in finance, insurance and IT industries. The result of content analysis indicated that the suggested framework yields statistically robust classification of fintech firms examined across the experts, ensuring the conceptual validity of the framework. We also found that the emergence of FinTech firms not only enhances the customer value and competitiveness of finance industry but it also contributes to the growth of the industry by creating previous unavailable values by linking finance industry with non-financial industry by a means of information technology. We expect the suggested typology framework of fintech innovation will improve understanding of fintech and present a direction of business strategy of fintech start-ups and traditional financial companies.

Keywords:

Fintech, New Value, Improved Value, Disintegration, Convergence, Typology Framework of Fintech Innovation

키워드:

핀테크, 새로운 가치, 향상된 가치, 탈집중화, 융복합화, 핀테크 혁신 유형 프레임워크

Acknowledgments

본 연구는 서강대학교 경영전문대학원의 지원에 의해 수행되었음.

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• 저자 최진용은 현재 삼성생명 경영진단팀에 재직중이며 서강대학교 경영전문대학원 글로벌서비스경영학과에서 박사과정생으로 재학중이다. 서강대학교 기계공학과에서 학사와 석사를 취득하였으며 석사 학위 취득 이후 IBM Global Technology Service와 삼성생명 정보전략팀에서 근무한 바 있다. 주요 연구분야는 핀테크(Fintech), 금융 규제, 서비스 혁신, 정보통신기술, ITSM(Information Technology Service Management) 등이다.

• 저자 김길선은 서강대학교에서 경영학 학사, 미국 어바나 샴페인 소재 일리노이 대학교에서 MBA와 경영학 박사학위를 취득하였다. 주요 강의 및 연구분야는 기술경영, 프로세스관리, 그리고 제품과 프로세스의 디자인이다. 미국 미들테네시 주립대학교 경영학과에서 조교수를 역임하고 현재 서강대학교 경영전문대학원 교수로 재직하고 있다.

• 저자 김미리는 서강대학교 경영전문대학원 글로벌서비스경영학과에서 경영학 석사, 박사학위를 취득하였다. 현재 서강대학교 경영학부 강사로 재직 중이며 주요 강의 및 연구 분야는 기술경영, 제품 및 서비스 혁신, 혁신 전략 등이다.