조직 성과에 미치는 사고의 영향과 위기의 조절효과: 미국 항공산업을 중심으로
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초록
이 연구는 조직 이론의 시각에서 사고와 위기가 조직 성과에 미치는 영향과 사고와 위기의 상호작용에 대해 탐색한다. 선행 연구들이 사고와 위기의 원인 탐색, 예방 전략, 대응 전략 등 사전(pre)-사후(post) 관리에 주목했던 반면, 다양한 경계 조건에 따른 사고와 위기의 차별적 영향에 대해서는 상대적으로 논의되지 않았다. 이 연구는 위기가 조직 성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 시간의 흐름에 따라 감소할 것이며, 사고가 조직 성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향은 위기와의 상호작용에 의해 감소할 것이라 제안하고 실증 분석한다. 구체적으로 인명 피해와 같은 심각한 사고와 테러와 같은 산업 위기가 발생했을 때 조직 성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 분석하고, 나아가 사고의 영향이 위기 상황의 발생 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 비선형적으로 조절되는 모습을 밝힌다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 1978년부터 2012년까지 미국 항공 산업 데이터를 기반으로 실증 분석한 결과, 인명 사고와 같은 중대한 항공 사고와 9․11 테러와 같은 산업 위기가 항공사 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 산업 위기의 부정적 효과는 시간이 경과됨에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 산업 위기는 항공사 사고의 부정적 효과를 약화시킨다는 사실을 밝혔다. 연구 결과를 통해 사고와 위기가 조직 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 시간의 흐름에 따라 그 크기가 달라짐을 제시하고, 조직 내부에서 발생한 사고와 조직 외부에서 주어진 위기의 상호작용을 확인함으로써 조직 이론 분야에서의 사고와 위기 연구를 확장시킨다.
Abstract
This study examines how accidents and environmental crises affect organizational performance and how these two factors interact. In organizational studies, accidents and crises have primarily been discussed concerning pre- or post-event management, such as elucidating causes, prevention, and reaction strategies. However, few studies have attempted to measure and empirically test the direct impact of accidents or crises on organizational performance. Additionally, limited attention has been given to examining the differential effects of accidents or crises under specific boundary conditions. This study proposes that accidents and crises negatively impact organizational performance but at a diminishing rate, indicating that the negative relationships are nonlinear. Specifically, the study investigates the negative impacts on organizational performance when severe accidents, such as fatalities, and environmental crises, such as terrorism, occur. Moreover, the study introduces the concept that the effects of accidents are non-linearly moderated by both the crisis itself and the duration after the crisis erupts. To verify these hypotheses, data from the U.S. aviation industry, spanning from 1978 to 2012, was analyzed. The results indicate that both the fatality rate and the 9/11 terrorist attacks had a negative impact on airline performance, and these negative effects diminished in a non-linear manner over time. This study contributes to the field of organizational theory on accidents and crises by demonstrating that both accidents and crises negatively impact organizational performance but at a decreasing rate over time. It also advances the literature by suggesting the potential interaction between accidents, as events occurring at the organizational level, and crises, as events occurring at the environmental level.
Keywords:
accident, crisis, depreciation effect, September 11 terrorist attacks, aviation industry키워드:
사고, 위기, 경과 효과, 9. 11 테러, 항공 산업References
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∙ 저자 김도윤은 연세대학교 경영대학에서 학사, 박사학위를 취득하고, 울산과학기술원 연구조교수로 재직 중이다. 주 관심분야는 조직이론, 조직학습, 기술경영, 창업과 기업가정신 등이다. 고려대학교 경영대학, 연세대학교 경영대학, 한양대학교 경영대학에서 재직하며 조직이론, 전략경영, 벤처경영 등을 강의하고 인사조직연구, 경영학연구, 전략경영연구, 벤처창업연구 등의 학술지에 논문을 게재하였다.
∙ 저자 임수빈은 연세대학교 경영학과를 졸업하고 동대학원 석박통합과정에 재학중이다. 주요 관심분야는 신제도이론과 조직지위이론이며 경영 환경 변화에 따른 조직 대응 양상에 관한 연구를 진행하고 있다.